IUPUI Anatomy Final Exam

This type of WBC has a large kidney shaped nucleus

monocytes

What kind of tissue is blood?

Fluid connective tissue

What is hemopoiesis?

Formation of blood

What are formed elements?

-RBC

-WBC

-Platelets

What is plasma?

The liquid matrix (serum) of blood that is composed of dissolved proteins

What is the function of RBCs?

Transportation of gases (O2 and CO2)

Which plasma class functions as an essential component in the clotting system and can be converted to an insoluble form?

Fibrinogen

Which WBCs are granulocytes?

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Which WBC has a nucleus resembling a series of beads?

Neutrophils

Which WBC has dense purple, blue granules in the cytoplasm?

Basophils

What is the function of monocytes?

Enter tissues, becoming free macrophages to engulf pathogens/debris

What is the function of eosinophils?

Suppress inflammation, fight parasitic infections, attack antibodies

What is the function of lymphocytes?

Provide defense against specific pathogens/toxins

Hemoglobin...

-Gives RBC the ability to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

-Gives blood its red color

What are the 5 types of leukocytes in descending order of abundance in blood?

1. Neutrophils

2. Lymphocytes

3. Monocytes

4. Eosinophils

5. Basophils

What is the function of thrombocytes

-Transporting important clotting chemicals and contraction after a clot

-Temporary patching of the walls of blood vessels

What are megakaryotes

Enormous cell in bone marrow

What does the suffix penia mean?

Inadequate/low numbers

Leukocytosis is...

Excessive number of WBC

Diapedesis is...

The ability to move through vessel walls

Hemostasis is...

Process that prevents the loss of blood through the walls of a damaged blood vessel

Erythropoiesis is...

Formation of RBC

Leukopenia is...

Inadequate amount of WBC

Thrombocytopenia is...

low platelet count

Lymphopoiesis is...

Production in bone marrow to produce B and NK cells, in thymus T cells

Chemotaxis is...

An attraction to a specific stimuli

What is the function of NK cells?

responsible for immune surveillance

Which of the following is the most abundant and the first to arrive at an injury site?

Neutrophils

This circuit of the heart sends blood to the lungs

Pulmonary Circuit

This circuit sends blood to the body

Systemic Circuit

Identify all elements of the pulmonary circuit

-Right side of the heart

-Carries deoxygenated blood

-Sends blood to the lungs

Identify all elements of the systemic circuit

-Left side of the heart '

-Carries oxygenated blood

-Sends blood to the body

Identify the 4 chambers of the heart

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

What is the function of the atriums?

Collecting blood returning to the heart

What is the function of the ventricles?

Push blood into vessels that leave the heart

What muscle tissue type makes up the heart?

Cardiac muscle

List the membranes of the heart from superficial to deep

-epicardium

-pericardium

-endocardium

The Apex...

-bottom point of the heart

-pointy/narrowest portion

The Base...

-top of the heart

-widest portion

order of electrical conduction in the heart

1.SA node

2.AV node

3.Bundle of His

4.Purkinje fibers

Path of blood through the heart

1.superior and inferior vena cava (from the body)

2.right atrium

3.tricuspid valve

4.right ventricle

5.pulmonary valve

6. Pulmonary arteries

7.pulmonary veins (from lungs)

8. Left atrium

9.mitral valve

10.left ventricle

11.aortic valve

12.descending aorta

location of tricuspid valve

between right atrium and right ventricle

location of bicuspid (mitral) valve

between left atrium and left ventricle

What is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

Supply body with CO2 and get rid of O2

Respiration is...

Exchange of gases

External respiration is...

Between blood and alveoli

External and internal respiration occurs in the same places

False

Respiration and ventilation are the same thing

False

What are the two zones of respiration?

Conducting and respiratory

What is NOT an organ in the conducting zone?

alveoli

What is NOT apart of the respiratory zone?

Terminal bronchioles

What is NOT apart of the upper respiratory tract?

Larynx below the vocal cords

The nasopharynx only moves air

True

The lower respiratory system includes:

-Larynx

-Trachea

-Bronchial Tree

Which bronchi is wider, steeper, and contains 3 lobes?

right

Lobar bronchi is also known as the secondary bronchi

True

The function of type 1 cells are for:

Shape and a surface for exchange

Type 2 cells are primarily used for:

Secreting a fluid that contains surfactant

What membrane lies against the lung

Visceral pleura

On the left lung, the upper and lower lobes are separated by...

The oblique fissure

The apex of the lung is located at the top

True

The right lung is larger than the left lung

True

Which lobes of the right lung are separated by the horizontal fissure?

Superior and middle

Functions of the digestive system are:

-Ingestion

-Mechanical Processing (chewing)

-Digestion

-Secretion

-Absorption

-Excretion

-Compaction

Identify the two parts of the digestive system

-Alimentary Canal

-Accessory Organs

Identify the parts of the Alimentary Canal

-Mouth

-Esophagus

-Stomach

-Intestines

-Rectum

-Anus

Identify the Accessory organs of the digestive system

-Gallbladder

-Salivary Glands

-Liver

-Pancreas

-Teeth

Identify the 4 layers of the Alimentary Canal from deep to superficial

-Mucosa

-Submucosa

-Muscularis Externa

-Serosa

Esophagus

A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

What is the 1/3 rule?

-Superior 1/3 skeletal muscle

-Middle 1/3 mixed skeletal and smooth muscle

-Inferior 1/3 smooth muscle

Where does the esophagus join with the stomach?

The cardiac sphincter

Identify the different parts of the stomach

-Rugae

-Fundus

-Body

-Greater curvature

-Lesser curvature

-Pyloric Sphincter

What do the rugae do that is essential in digestion?

-Stretch to allow food into the stomach

-Will signal at a certain point that it can no longer stretch (feeling full)

Identify the three subdivisions of the small intestine

-Duodenum

-Jejunum

-Ileum

Functions of the small intestine:

-Enzymatic digestion

-Nutrient absorption

Important features of the small intestine include:

-Pilcae

-Villi

-Microvilli

Important features of the large intestine include:

-Teniae coli

-Haustra

-Colon

Identify the 4 sections of the colon

-Ascending

-Transverse

-Descending

-Sigmoid

Functions of the liver

-Bile production

-Blood detoxification

Basic functional unit of the liver is the:

Lobule

What is the hepatic (portal) triad?

Arteriole, venule and bile duct at each corner of a lobule

What is the portal hepatis?

-Gateway to the liver

-Right and left hepatic ducts exit here

The gallbladder:

Stores and concentrates bile

The pancreas:

-Produces most of the digestive enzymes

Mesentaries

-Double layered sheets of peritoneum

-Ventral and Dorsal

What is the term for molecule movement across a membrane from low concentration to high concentration?

Active transport

Which of the following does NOT occur during mitosis?

DNA replicates itself

Which of the following vertebral column levels has an intervertebral disc?

-between T12 and L1

-between C7 and T1

The fibula:

-provides lateral stability to the ankle

-is the lateral bone of the leg

The most superficial layer of the abdominal muscles is the:

External oblique

Actions of the biceps brachii muscle include:

-Flexion of the shoulder

-Flexion of the elbow

Which gland is comprised of chief cells that are arranged in thick, branching cords and secrete a hormone, which raises low blood calcium levels?

Parathyroid gland

The major function of the inferior colliculi includes reflexes involved with:

The ears

The bulges that give lymphatic vessels the "string of beads" appearance is due to:

Closely spaced valves within the vessels

Which is the least common type of WBC?

Basophil

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

Protection from dehydration by filtering water out of the air

Which cells produce surfactant?

Type II cells

Which female reproductive organ is homologous to the corpus spongiosum?

Vestibular bulbs

Which phase of the ovarian cycle involves a weakening and rupture of the follicle wall?

Luteal phase

The process whereby ovum production occurs is:

Oogenesis