Respiratory System Anatomy

joint

bones that articulate with manubrium at superolateral angle and joint formed

clavicles

sternoclavicular

sternoclavicular type of joint

synovial saddle

xiphisternal type of joint

primary cartilaginous (synchondrosis)

type of joint between 1st rib and sternum

primary cartilaginous (synchondrosis)

superior border of manubrium

jugular notch

vertebral level of xiphoid process

T10

vertebral level of sternomanubrial joint

intervertebral disc of T4 and T5

articulation point of 2nd costal cartilage

manubriosternal joint

which vertebral bodies to ribs articulate with

same level and above

rib tubercle articulates with

transverse process of corresponding vertebra

where is the rib angle

lateral to curve of rib

where is the rib tubercle

anterior to head and neck

costal groove alternate name

costal sulcus

neurovascular structures in costal groove

intercostal vein

intercostal artery

intercostal nerve

true ribs

1-7

false ribs

8-10

floating ribs

11-12

how many vertebra does the 1st rib articulate with

one - T1

grooves on first rib

subclavian artery

subclavian vein

scalene tubercle postition

in between two grooves

anterior to subclavian artery groove

demi facets on vertebral body articulate with

head of rib

costal facet, and articular facet on vertebral transverse process articulate with

rib tubercle

most commonly fractured ribs

5-10

complication of fractured rib

perforated pleura causing pneumothorax

boundaries of thoracic outlet

10th rib

costal margins

xiphoid process

ribs and costal cartilages that form costal margin and subcostal angle

8-10

muscle primarily used for breathing in newborn and why

diaphragm

ribs aren't in anteroinferior plane, intercostal muscles don't increase volume much

number of intercostal space relates to

rib superior to it

layers of intercostal muscle - superficial to interior

external internal innermost/intimal

angle between external and internal muscle fibres

90o

where do the intercostal neurovascular bundles supply

intercostal space structures

where do the small collateral branches on top of ribs that come of intercostal neurovascular bundle supply

pleura and periosteum

periosteum

membrane that covers outer surface of rib bones

where chest drain needle is inserted

above superior border

sternal angle dermatome border

C4 - T2

inguinal region dermatome

L1

two major lymph node groups in lungs

tracheobronchial

bronchopulmonary (at hilum)

two main ducts

thoracic duct

right lymphatic duct

axillary lymph nodes relation to a vein

axillary vein and branches in axilla

where does most of the breast lymph drain to

anterior group of axillary lymph nodes (sentinel nodes)

axillary tail of breast penetrates

floor of axilla

watershed line in abdominal wall

above and below umbilicus drain to separate lymph nodes so there is a horizontal line where lymph channels don't cross

number of attachments of diaphragm

4

number of hiatuses in diaphragm

3 major

full name of diaphragm

thoraco-abdominal diaphragm

more superior dome in expiration

right - liver

left crura attachment

L1-L2

right crura attachment

L1-L3

shape of central tendon

clover-leaf

types of attachments of diaphragm

1 central tendinous

4 peripheral bony

costal cartilages attached to diaphragm

7-10

ribs attached to diaphragm

11-12

T8 hiatus

caval hiatus

T10 hiatus

oesophageal

T12 hiatus

aortic

caval hiatus (2)

inferior vc

terminal branches of phrenic nerve

oesophageal hiatus (4)

oesophagus

r and l vagus nerves

oesophageal branches of left gastric artery/vein

aortic hiatus (3)

aorta

thoracic duct

azygous vein

hiatus hernia

abnormal protrusion of abdominal structure into thorax

diaphragm innervation and root values

phrenic nerve C3-C5

spinal cord injury above phrenic nerve roots

quadriplegia and diaphragm paralysis

which rib does the diaphragm reach in quiet expiration

rib 5

at what level does the larynx turn into the trachea

C6

sympathetic motor innervation of LRT

fibres originating from upper T spinal levels via pulmonary plexuses at termination of main bronchi

parasympathetic motor innervation of LRT

vagus nerve

arterial supply to LRT

bronchial arteries from thoracic aorta and intercostal arteries

where do the bronchial veins drain to

azygous venous system

cartilage superior to trachea at C6

cricoid cartilage

approx. number of rings in trachea

16-20

muscle that completes tracheal ring posteriorly and fuction

trachealis

allow bolus through oesophagus

cough

cartilage ring at bifurcation of trachea

carina

organ posterior to trachea

oesophagus

arteries immediately lateral to trachea in neck

common carotid arteries

nerve immediately lateral to trachea on both sides

vagus nerve

recurrent laryngeal nerves are branches of

vagus

recurrent laryngeal nerves supply

motor and sensory innervation to larynx

bronchus more likely to lodge aspirated objects

right as it's shorter, wider and more vertical

which bronchus enters the lung before giving off branches

left

two branches of right bronchi that enter right lung

eparterial/superior lobar

hyparterial bronchus

lymph nodes found between and around brochi

tracheobronchial

lymph nodes at hilum of lungs

bronchopulmonary

surfaces of the lung

costal/anterolateral

inferior/diaphragmatic/base

medial/mediastinal

impressions on left lung

cardiac

aortic

notch on left lung and position

cardiac

anterior border

lingula lobe

left superior

four structures in root of lung

bronchus, p artery, two p veins, bronchial vessels

fascial membrane

fibrous connective tissue that connects skin to muscles and underlying structures

suprapleural membrane

fascial membrane that covers the lung apex just above the thoracic inlet

suprapleural membrane function

provide rigidity to thoracic inlet

prevent distortion due to pressure changes

number of segments in right lung

10

number of segments in left lung

8 or 9

mnemonic for order of vessels in lung anterior to posterior

VAD

vein artery duct (bronchus)

main contents of hilum

pulmonary artery

two pulmonary veins

bronchus

pulmonary ligament levels

opposite 5th-7th thoracic vertebral bodies

blood supply to lung tissue and larger airways

bronchial circulation

true pleural cavity

space between two membranes

nerve that supplies pain sensation to pleura

branches of somatic intercostal and phrenic nerves

pleura that senses pain

parietal

presence of blood within pleural space

haemothorax

increase in pleural fluid in lungs due to inflammation or infection can cause

collapse of lung