MS 2SL1; PEDIATRIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Pediatric Rehabilitation

• Children with disabilities represent a unique population within pediatrics

• Focuses on maximizing the function & enhancing lives

• For children with congenital disabilities, getting pediatric rehabilitation can make a huge improvement in quality of life

• Helps children and youth live the best life they can, build resilience, and take part in activities meaningful to them and their families

Perinatal Period

20th week of gestation to first 6 days after birth

Neonatal Period

First 28 days after birth

Early infancy

1 mo → 1 y/o

Later infancy

1 - 2 yr; toddler

Pre-school

2-6 y/o

Under five age groups

• Early infancy

• Later infancy

• Pre-school

School age

From 6 y/o

Adolescence

10-19 y/o

Periods of Growth

Prenatal (0-280 days)

Birth (Average. 280 days; 37-42 wks)

Post Natal

Prenatal

0-280 days

Ovum

0-14 days

Embryo

14 → 9 wks

Fetus

9 wks → birth

Early fetal life

2nd trimester

Later fetal life

3rd trimester

Premature infant

23 → 37 wks

Birth

• Average of 280 days

• 37-42 wks

Post Natal

Infancy to Puberty

Infancy

Birth → 2 yrs

Neonate

Newborn/early infancy; first 4 wks birth

Middle/Nursling

1st year

Transition, Toddler/Run About

1-2 years

Childhood

• Early childhood

• Late childhood

Early Childhood

2 → 6 yrs

Later Childhood (School Child)

• Girls: 6-10

• Boys: 6-12

Adolescence

• Girls: 10-18 y/o

• Boys: 12-20 y/o

Pre-pubescent

• Girls: 10-12 y/o

• Boys: 12-14 y/o

Pubescent (Adolescent proper)

• Girls: 12-14 y/o

• Boys: 14-16 y/o

Puberty (Average)

• Girls: 13 y/o - Menarche (1st period)

• Boys: 15 y/o - Change in voice * presence of pubic hair, facial hair is unmarked

Puberty (Late Adolescent/Youth)

• Girls: 14-18 y/o

• Boys: 16-20 y/o

T or F: Girls are believed to mature mentally, and socially earlier than that of boys → that’s why they have their difference.

True

Growth and Development

• Essential components in the Dx

• Changes in growth & development call or adjustments of therapeutic goals and their mode of delivery

Growth

• Increase in physical size and dimesion

• Most rapid rate during infancy & prepubescence through adolescence

4 Characteristic Stages of Growth From Birth → Adult

• Rapid growth in infancy & early childhood

• Slow, steady growth in middle childhood

• Rapid growth during puberty

• Gradual slowing down of growth in adolescence until adult height is reacher

Typical Posture of a 2-3 y/o Child

• Mild Lumbar Lordosis

• Protuberant Abdoment

When does the mild lumbar lordosis and protuberant abdomen disappear?

• By early school age

• ↑ abdominal strength leads to a more mature pelvic alignment and ↓ lordosis.

This is a sensitive indicator of health or disease

Rate of Growth

• It should be serially measured & recorder on the standard growth chart for comparison.