1-Role of education-Functionalism and Education

Social solidarity-Durkheim

1. What does Emile Durkheim believe education does to people? (AO1)

   •He also believes schools are a society in miniature which prepares children for adult society through teaching punctuality and hierarchy.

2. What is social solidarity?

3. Give 4 examples of how schools maintain social solidarity?(AO2)

4. Application: Assemblies are in a shared space which …4? Is promoted through its …5? Choice( e.g. remembrance ceremonies,sports awards etc).Different age/year groups come …6?.

7. What is functionalism?

8. Marxism is a social, political, and economic theory originated by 8?. It focuses on the idea that society is …9? into classes based on their relationship to the means of production, primarily the bourgeoisie (owners) and the …10? (workers). Marxism argues that this class struggle is the driving force of historical change and that …11? inherently leads to exploitation, which will eventually be overthrown by a workers' …12?, leading to a classless society called …13?.

14. What would Marxists argue that schools do to people?(AO3)

15. What is a false class consciousness?

16. What is a functional prerequisite?

1. Education meets a functional prerequisite and socialises people to teach them shared norms and values to maintain social solidarity.

2. The idea that all members of society feel together as a part of something bigger.(sense of a community)

3. Assemblies,homework,uniform, attendance etc.

4. Community. 5. Topic. 6.together 7. A theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts(social institutions:family,education, government)work together to maintain the overall structure of society.

   8. Karl Marx. 9. Divided. 10.proletariat 11. Capitalism. 12. Revolution 13. Communism

      14. Schools indoctrinate students into passive acceptance of rules and assemblies provide a false class consciousness.

      15. The belief held by working class people that the capitalist system, which exploits them, is actually beneficial and fair.( when people are unaware of their true economic and social situation, and the extent of the exploitation by the ruling class[bourgeoisie])

      16. The basic needs or requirements that must be met for a society to survive and function effectively.

Parsons-The Bridge Theory/Meritocracy

1. What does Parsons believe the role of school is?(AO1)

Home teaches individuals …2? Values and is where primary socialization occurs;but school(where secondary socialization occurs) teaches …3? Standards to prepare individuals to enter the work of work.(AO1)

4. What is meritocracy?

(AO2)• The family helps to fix status at birth(…5? Status); Education helps students to achieve status; their future roles are determined by how hard they work at school(achieved status). Education is therefore …6?

(AO3): 7. Not all students have an equal chance of succeeding at school due to disability,social class, gender etc. Name 2 other factors that causes the inequality in succeeding in education?

8. What would Marxists argue about meritocracy?(AO3)

1. The school is a bridge between the family and wider society teaching children how to behave outside the home.

2. Particularistic(individual/family) 3.universalistic(collective values)

4. A system where social advancement is based on individual talent, effort and achievements, rather than social class.

5. Ascribed. 6. Meritocratic

   7. Catchment areas and parental involvement

   8. They would argue that it’s a myth

• Parsons- Specialised skills

(AO1)- Schools teaches us …1? which are required for a specific future occupation so that we can play our specific role in society to maintain…2?

(AO2)- For example, to become a nurse in school there are subjects such as; English: communication skills Health and Social care: Employee required knowledge

(AO3)- skills are still required beyond GCSE’s to ‘do’ these jobs. 3.Give 2 examples of where these skills could be developed?

• Role allocation- Davis and Moore

(AO1) 4. What does parsons Davis and Moore believe education does?

(AO2) 5. Schools allocates students via; awards and certificates and the exam system. Explain how the exam system encourages students?

(AO3):Marxists and Feminists:

*We aren’t all given the same opportunity to succeed.

*middle/upper class white men dominate powerful jobs/roles in society.

Schultz-Human Capital

•Schultz developed the theory of human capital. 6. What is this theory?

7. What is the specialised division of labour?

1. Skills. 2. Consensus(general agreement among a group of people)

3. Degrees, training courses

4. Shows us who the best people are for the best jobs/roles in society by sieving those higher achievers to the top.

5. By encouraging competition,individual achievement and hard work.

6. High levels of spending on education and training are justified as they develop knowledge and skills vital for a successful economy so that society can function.(there is now a specialised division of labour)

7. Specialized division of labor is when tasks are broken down into very specific, narrow parts, and individuals or groups focus solely on one of those highly defined tasks.

Evaluation-Functionalism and Education:

1.Name 2 Strengths of the functionalist approach?

2. Name 3 criticisms of the functionalist approach?

1. •The New Right support the ideas of functionalists and believe that meritocracy makes people responsible for their own achievement. (Promoted Individualism)

•It helps people to work hard reducing the burden on the state and the unemployment benefits.

2. •Some rose tinted arguments ignore the inequalities which can happen in education for some groups

   •We don’t always have shared norms and values as we are a multicultural society.

   •Education doesn’t always teach us the specialised skills needed for work.