Caliphate- the area of jurisdiction of Islamic rulers

Code of chivalry- a set of values meant to govern the behavior of Christian soldiers

Hidalogs- nobles who did not own land, the sons of poor nobles

Missionaries- Men and women from religious orders with the authority to teach and covert people to the catholic faith

Monotheism- belief in one god

Polytheism- belief in many gods

Propaganda- attempts to manipulate people by using exaggeration or distorted information

Reconquista- the Christian re-conquest of Spain from the Muslims

al-Andalus: Muslim Spain

• At the beginning of the Middle Ages, almost everyone in Spain was a Christian

• Muslim rulers and rich merchants supported the art, music, and architecture

• They greatly admired the ancient Greeks for their reasoning skills

• Cordoba, Seville, and Granda became great centers of learning

• Muslim Spain was a society that was relatively tolerant of religious minorities

Reconquista

The Reconquista began as a way for the Christian kingdoms to expand their power and influence. It was also a war based on religious differences

After the Reconquista

The Spanish Inquisition: A state-run court system that put people on trial for not being Christian

The Expulsion of the Jews: The expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain. Spain struggled economically at the end of the 1400s because the Jews and the Muslims had formed a large part of the educated middle class

Gaining Wealth

• Spanish nobles supported themselves through war and land.

• Hidalgos, who were nobles who did not own land, either had to be involved in business or commerce in Spain or move to the Americas to find their fortunes

Chapter 9 Study Guide

1. How important was the military in their lives? How important was religion in their lives? How did they see themselves about others in the world?

2. What motivated Spain to explore and conquer other lands (what was their motivation)?

3. What were the two main events that occurred after the Christians conquered Grenada (the last Muslim stronghold in Spain)? Describe them briefly.

4. Some Spanish people, like Bartolome de Las Casas, objected to the Spanish treatment of the lands and peoples they conquered. Why would they not like what was happening?

5. What are some similarities and differences between the Spanish and Aztec worldviews?

6. Why did the Spanish take the risks that they did? What about their worldview made quite a few of them “risk-takers”?

Answers

1. Military service was a way to earn respect in Spanish society. Tales of chivalry became very popular. Religion- Christianity was very important and valued. Non-Christians either had to convert or be executed. The Spanish believed that their religion was superior.

2. Other completion, gold, glory, god, and geography

3. The Inquisition- a state-run court system that puts people on trial for not being Christian. Expulsion of the Jews- the expulsion of Muslims and Jews from Spain

4. Even though colonizing wasn’t frowned upon, Columbus’ methods were horrible. He killed and enslaved indigenous people to work in terrible conditions and worked them to death in the plantations and mines

5. differences- religion, and sacrifice. Similarities- determination for wealth and territory, collectivist worldview

6. For glory, fame, wealth, etc. The code of chivalry and heroic tales greatly impacted them