mttc social studies 084

almanac

almanac

a handbook typically published annually containing information about a specific topic.

bibliography

a list of books referred to in a scholarly work

periodical guide

an annual publication of works relating to a field

biographical dictionary

a type of encyclopedia related to biographical information.

values/ limitations of diaries, personal correspondence

can provide intimate glimpse into an event.
more candid
reveal bias
limited in scope
biased
selective

value/ limitations of newspapers

can provide information of scope of culture of time period
provide daily record
limited perspective
censorship in some nations
commercial motive
adgenda

value/ limitations of oral histories

first hand knowledge
provides important historical evidence
preserving details
details can become confusing if it's been a while
can act as apologies
highly subjective
hindsight switches stories

value/ limitations of government records

purely factual
gives intimate glimpse
only what government wants to see, you see

counterfactual history

sometimes referred to as virtual history, is a recent form of historiography which attempts to answer "what if" questions known as counterfactuals. It seeks to explore history and historical incidents by means of extrapolating a timeline in which certain key historical events did not happen or had an outcome which was different from that which did in fact occur.

cultural history

at least in its common definition since the 1970s, often combines the approaches of anthropology and history to look at popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience. It examines the records and narrative descriptions of past knowledge, customs, and arts of a group of people. Its subject matter encompasses the continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the present and even into the future pertaining to a culture.

diplomatic history

focuses on politics, politicians and other high rulers and views them as being the driving force of continuity and change in history. This type of political history is the study of the conduct of international relations between states or across state boundaries over time. This is the most common form of history and is often the classical and popular belief of what history should be.

economic history

the study of how economic phenomena evolved in the past. Analysis in economic history is undertaken using a combination of historical methods, statistical methods and by applying economic theory to historical situations. The topic includes business history and overlaps with areas of social history such as demographic history and labor history. Quantitative economic history is also referred to as cliometrics.

political history

analysis of political events, ideas, movements, and leaders. It is usually structured around the nation state. It is distinct from, but related to, other fields of history such as social history, economic history, and military history.

quantitative history

an approach to historical research that makes use of quantitative, statistical and computer tools. It is considered a branch of social science history and has three leading journals: Historical Methods,(1967- ) Social Science History,(1976- ), and the Journal of Interdisciplinary History, (1968- )

social history

an area of historical study, considered by some to be a social science, that attempts to view historical evidence from the point of view of developing social trends. In this view, it may include areas of economic history, legal history and the analysis of other aspects of civil society that show the evolution of social norms, behaviors and more. It is distinguished from political history, military history and the history of great men.

historiography

history written with a strong connection to the primary sources could, somehow, be integrated with "the big picture", i.e. to a general, universal history. For example, Leopold Von Ranke, probably the pre-eminent historian of the nineteenth century, founder of "Rankean positivism," the classic mode of historiography that now stands against postmodernism, attempted to write a Universal History at the close of his career.

whig history

presents the past as an inevitable progression towards ever greater liberty and enlightenment, culminating in modern forms of liberal democracy and constitutional monarchy.

frankfurt school of history

The academic influence of the "critical" method is far reaching in terms of educational institutions in which such tradition is taught and in terms of the problems it addresses. Some of its core issues involve the critique of modernities and of capitalist society, the definition of social emancipation and the perceived pathologies of society. Critical theory provides a specific interpretation of Marxist philosophy and reinterprets some of its central economic and political notions such as commodification, reification, fetishization and critique of mass culture.

annales school

stressing long term social history

neolithic revolution

when people began to farm and heard animals. move from hunter gatherers to staying in one spot longer.

sumer and akkadian civilizations and their contributions to history

formation of modern day civilization, modern cities

greek contributions to civilization

Alphabet modification, merchant class arises, rapid population increase, rich/ poor classes

Persian Civilization

expanded into a huge empire. cultural tolerance of people they took over. improved trade in modern day middle east.

mauryan empire

located in india. advanced schools and library. strong central government.

han dynasty

restored order to china after qin dynasty collapse. imposed government monopoly over production. opened silk road in china. founded civil service system.

sudantic empires

powerful city states trades gold and salt for other materials.

olmec culture

civilization lasted from 1500 bc to 400 bc. temples and art. first civilization in south america. engaged in trade, invented calendar. "mother culture"

mayan civilization

powerful city states, no huge empire. large population centered around agricultural developments, structured society.

hinduism

no real "beginning date"
founded by aryans
many gods, many books
spread through trade
Brahman- connects highest universal principals

buddism

Teachings of Budda
India
expanded into Asia while declining in India
Dukkah is central concept of Buddism
4 noble truths

Renissance

14-17 century, Bridged gap from middle ages to modern history. Started in Italy and spread, rediscover classical greek thinking, humanistic method of studying, Dante

hundred years war

Battle between House of Valois (France) and House of Plantagenet (England) over control of France in 1337-1453.
Hight of Chivalrey and decline of it
Promotion of nationalism

Islamic civilization/ caliphate

Quran
Mecca, Muhammad
Influenced by Judaism and Christianity
Islamic
A religious successor to Islamic prophet Muhammad

decline of roman empire

leaves door open for new empires like the byzantine to emerge. several factors lead to decline including social decay, economic weakness, military attacks from germanic tribes, and political turmoil

lasting impact of the crusades

open trade

important figures of the renisansse

da vinci, michelangelo, rapheal. new thought and perpective on world.

spanish inquisition

established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and to replace the Medieval Inquisition, which was under Papal control.

aztec civilization

one ruler over all the empire. lived on island city in tenochtitlan. powerful middle class, majority commoners.

inca empire

founded in 1100s. creation of histories great road networks. capital was cuzco. worshipped many gods.

Ming Dynasty

First dynasty after Mongols leave
restore civil service
restrict foreign traders

Quing Dynasty

last imperial dynasty in china
restrict foreign trade but gave in

tokugawa shogunate

last feudal gov't to exist in japan
edo period

1848 revolutionaries

Series of republican revolts against European monarchies
began in Sicialy spreading to france germany italy austria
All end in failure and repression

Boxer Rebellion

Chinese secret society led uprising in nation
China against spread of western influence in Asia

Russo Japanese War

War between over Russia and Japan over Korea and Mayanmar

Chinese Revolution

People against Quing that started the Peoples' Republic of China
based on social darwinism

WWI Highlight

Assaination of Franz Ferdinand, Austria Hungry delclairs war on Serbia, Germany invades Belgium, WWI ends 1918

Treaty of Versille

Signed June 28 1919
Most of the blame on Germany others

What dynasty was overthrown in 1911 Chinese Revolution

Quig

russian revolution

move from czar to provisionist gov
eventually leads to soviet union

causes of rise of totalitarism in europe

treaty of versille
italy felt they won the war, lost peace
curbing of growing japanese power by gb and us
need to spread communism

WWII highlights

sept. 1 1939 germany invades poland
march 11 1941 lend lease act
dec 7 1941 pearl harbor
aug 1945 atomic bombs dropped
spet 4 1945 end

nuremburg trials

allies trials against german actors

Characteristics of Sumerian Cities

a. Sumerians inhabited various city states. City Center.
b. Each centered around a temple called a Ziggurat.
c. They believed that a God owned each city.
d. Since the Sumer city states were not united, they fell to the Babylonians.

differences between Massachusetts and Virginia Colonies

Colony was dependent upon plantations and mass crop growing. they grew things such as tobacco, indigo and rice.

The other colony grew few crops but most of which were not staple crops in which they could trade with other areas. They grew crops like wheat, barley and oats.

Main goods of the Mid-Atlantic Colonies

the big food-producing region that included corn and wheat and livestock including beef and pork. Other industries included the production of iron ore, lumber, textiles, furs and shipbuilding

federalists

supported constitution

antifederalists

didn't supports constitution

compromises of constitutional convention

stopping slave trade
representation in congress

Frontier Theory

argument advanced by Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893, american democracy was formed by the American frontier, the moving frontier line

important aspect of washington administration

disliked articles of confederation, promoted idea of new constitution

important aspect of adams administration

distrusted federalists
wanted to stay out of foreign affairs

Monroe Doctrine

Policy by US. Any outside force is an act of aggression against US.

war of 1812

british trying to limit us trade

problems with the articles of confederation

no provisions for executive office to enforce laws or any laws about judicial branch monitoring the laws

Washingtons accomplishments

Ushered in the Bill of Rights and Residence Act, which authorized the president to select the seat of permanent federal governance
Established two-term precedent
Signed the Jay Treaty to normalize trade relations with Britain

Adams accomplishments

Signed the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts, which were designed to protect Americans from foreign insurgents. The Acts were a reponse to the XYZ Affair, a botched diplomatic effort with France after French ships began attacking American vessels with British cargo
Built up the army and navy to fight France in the unofficial "Quasi War," but eventually found a peaceful resolution to the conflict

Antabellum Reforms

Response to many social ills
Temperance
abolishment of imprisionment for debt, pacifism, abolish capital punishment

Compromise of 1850

Act addressing slavey in the newly acquired territories brought into the union after Mexican- American War
Fugitive slave act abolished
Henry Clay wrote it

Kansas Nebraska Act

Stephen Douglas
Allowed people in those states to see if they wanted slaves

Republican party formation

Whiig party members form to fight slavery

reconstruction

efforts by linclon and the union to revive the south

Civil War strategies

Union: Offensive, had to reconqoure areas in the south. Anaconda plan: slow economic plan.
Confederate: Defensive plan

Trans- Mississippi West

Frontier of Urban and industry moving west compared to original western movement of agriculture

Spanish- American War

1898
US intervenes after USS main is blown up intervenes in Cuban and Phillipene war

Phillipine Revolt

The Katipunan, led by Andrés Bonifacio, was a liberationist movement whose goal was independence from Spain through armed revolt.

habitat

the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism

ecology

the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.

biome

a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat, e.g., forest or tundra.

interdependence

the dependence of two or more people or things on each other

demographic cycle

the evolution over time of the population profile of a country, region or other defined geographical area.

Five fundamental themes of geography

location, place, human interactions, movement, regions

six essential elements of geography

The world in spatial terms. ...
Places and regions. ...
Physical systems. ...
Human systems. ...
Environment and society. ...
The uses of geography

The World in Spatial terms

studying people places and environments by mapping them into spatial terms

Places and Regions

The purpose of the second essential element of geography is to show how identities and lives of individuals and peoples are rooted in particular places and in those human constructs called regions

Physical Systems

The purpose of the third essential element of geography is to identify how physical processes shape the Earth's surface and how they interact with plant and animal life to create, sustain, and modify ecosystems.

Human Systems

The purpose of the fourth essential element of geography is to show how people are central to geography in that human activities help shape the Earth's surface, human settlements and structures.

Environment and Society

The purpose of the fifth essential element of geography is to show how the the physical environment is modified by human activities, largely as a consequence of the ways in which human societies value and use Earth's natural resources.

The use of Geography

The purpose of the sixth essential element of geography is to show how the knowledge of geography enables people to develop an understanding of the relationships between people, places, and environments over time -- that is, of Earth as it was, is, and might be.

Delta

area where rivers divide into smaller rivers

Cape

A landmass going into the water

archipelagos

a group of islands

Earths four main physical systems

1 Atmosphere (Air)
2 Lithosphere (Land)
3 Hydrosphere (Water)
4 Biosphere (Life)

Constitutional principals

Popular sovereignty
Republicanism
Federalism
Separation of powers
Balance of powers
Limited government
Individual rights

Federalism

Power shared between gov branches

sovereignty

the authority of a state to govern itself or another state

social contract theory

persons' moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live.

oligarchy

small group with all the power

theocracy

ruled by church

Parliament v presidency

prime minister is elected directly from parliament and president is elected by people