cna indiana state exam

normal pulse range

60-100

normal blood pressure range

90/60 to 120/80

normal respiration rate

12-20 breaths per minute

when dressing a resident with an affected side, which side should be dressed first?

the affected side

which side should be undressed first?

the unaffected side

how often should oral care be completed for a resident with real teeth

AT LEAST daily

how often should denture care be completed?

at least daily

what position should resident be in for oral care

fowlers position

what position should UNCONSCIOUS resident be in for oral care

lateral position

when using an electric razor, what should you be aware of?

POW (pacemaker, oxygen, water)

what are the CLEAN areas in the room?

overbed table, bedside cabinet, head of bed, and back of chair

what are the DIRTY areas in the room?

foot of bed, seat of chair, hamper or plastic bag

how often should linens be changed according to ISDH requirement?

at least weekly

what position should the resident be in when the tube feeding is infusing?

semi fowlers (30-45 degrees)

how long should a resident remain sitting up after eating?

at least 30 minutes following consumption

what is the function of proteins?

builds up tissue

what is the function of carbohydrates

provide energy

how often must restraints be checked?

at least hourly

how often must resident be released from restraint?

for 10 minutes every 2 hours

what is entrapment?

limb or body part stuck in the bed

what is contractures?

permanent shorting of muscles with subquent shorting of tendons and ligaments (e.g fingers flexed toward palm)

how many repetitions in ROM? (range of movement)

5 repetitions

how often should ROM be done?

2 times daily

when is a good time to do ROM?

getting dressed or during the shower

when should you NOT do ROM?

if joints are red, warm, and/or swollen

where should you support the limb?

below the joint

before beginning ROM what should you check for?

RWS (redness, warmth, and swelling)

what does ROM help prevent

contractures

which side should a caregiver stand on when helping a resident to walk?

affected side

what can CNA's not do pertaining to oxygen?

nurse aids are not authorized to administer oxygen or change the flow rate?

how do you remove upper denture?

up and down

how do you remove lower denture?

side to side or twist and turn

where should denture be stored overnight?

cool water

what should you check for during denture care?

MLTT (mouth, lips, tongue, teeth), OCSBDL (odor, cracking, sores, bleeding, discoloration, loose teeth)

what should you do when offering mouth wash?

dilute it with half water

when should TED hoes be applied?

before a resident gets out of bed

when should TED hoes be removed?

remove at bed time and wash so clean pair is available in the morning

what should you do if a resident refused to wear their prosthesis?

respect their right and report this to the nurse

check skin on stump for what?

redness, warmth, tenderness, skin breakdown

how many stages of alzheimer's disease?

7 stages

how many phases of alzheimer's disease?

3 phases

what stage has no impairment (normal functioning)

stage 1

what stage needs maximum assistance with ADL's

stage 7 (most severe)

what stage of alzheimer's diseases occurs when a resident wanders, dresses inappropriately, and is unable to recognize family?

stage 6 (severe)

what stage of alzheimer's disease occurs when a resident forgets their own history, has difficulty performing tasks, and has forgetfulness of recent events?

stage 4 (moderate)

what stage of alzheimer's disease occurs when resident is unable to recall own address or phone number, forgets name of highschool, and confuses days?

stage 5 (moderately severe)

what stage of alzheimer's disease occurs when resident may feel memory lapses or forget familiar words or objects?

stage 2 (very mild)

what stage of alzheimer's diseases occurs when resident has noticeable problems coming up with the right words or forgets material just read?

stage 3 (mild)

what are diseases of the nervous system?

parkinson's disease, CVA (stroke), MS (multiple sclerosis), epilepsy

what are diseases of the circulatory system?

hypertension, CHF (congestive heart failure)

what are symptoms of congestive heart failure

congestion, shortness of breath, swelling, anxious

diseases of the musculoskeletal system

Osteoporosis, Arthritis, Muscular Dystrophy, Tendonitis, and Brittle Bone Disease.

what is flexion?

bending a limb at a joint

what are changes that happen to the musculoskeletal system due to aging?

bones become more brittle, loss of muscle strength causing weakness and fatigue, stiff joints making moving more difficult, less flexible joints

what is the largest body system?

integumentary system

what does the integumentary system include?

skin, hair, nails

what are some diseases of the respiratory system?

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), bronchitis, TB (tuberculosis)

what are some disorders of the urinary system?

UTI, kidney stones, enlarged prostate (causes difficulty urinating)

what are symptoms of kidney stones

pain in side/back, pain on urination, pink, red or brown urine, nausea/vomiting

changes to the urinary system due to aging

bladder muscles weaken, bladder size decreases, bladder hold less urine, bladder does not empty completely

changes in the GI system

decreases sense of smell, digestion less efficient, peristalsis slows down, salivary glands produce less saliva, metabolism is slower

disorders in the endocrine system

diabetes mellitus (caused by lack of pancreatic hormone), hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, hypothyroid, hyperthyroid

symptoms of hyperglycemia

distinct fruity breath odor (ripe apples)

Symptoms of hypoglycemia

cold, clammy, pale skin, sluggish mood

symptoms of hypothyroid

fatigue or lethargy

symptoms of hyperthyroid

irritability, nervousness, muscle weakness, tremors, weight loss, sleep disturbances, rapid heartbeat, heat sensitivity

what are the stages of dying

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance (DABDA)

what is the last sense to go?

hearing

what are signs of approaching death?

cyanosis, sensory perception declines, resident may stare but not respond

how many hours to become a CNA?

105 hours (30 class hours, 75 clinical hours)

how many in service hours for CNA

12 hours per year

how many hours of work needed to maintain certification

8 hours in 24 months

how many months to take the test after finishing CNA class

24 months

can you use hand sanitizer with C-Diff?

no! you must wash your hands

how long do you have to report abuse?

must report abuse within 24 hours

how long is suspension for negligence?

2-5 years

what is the body's first line of defense?

the skin.

how does airbourne diseases travel?

through small respiratory droplets (sneezes, coughs, laughs)

how does contact diseases travel?

physical contact between an infected person and a susceptible person

How does droplet transmission occur?

person within close contact. only travels a short distance after being expelled.