heart chambers and blood flow

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the ________, ________, and ________.

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the ________.

Four R/L pulmonary veins

Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the ________ valve.

tricuspid (right atrioventricular) valve

Blood flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle through the ________ valve.

bicuspid (mitral, left atrioventricular) valve

The right ventricle pumps blood through the ________ valve into the ________.

pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary trunk

The left ventricle pumps blood through the ________ valve into the ________.

aortic semilunar valve, aorta

The right ventricle’s function is to send ________ blood to the ________.

venous, lungs (pulmonary circuit) 

The left ventricle’s function is to pump ________ blood to the ________.

oxygenated, systemic circulation

The apex of the heart is formed by the ________.

left ventricle

The ________ side of the heart is thicker because it pumps blood to the entire body.

left ventricle

Blood returning from BELOW the diaphragm enters the right atrium through the

inferior vena cava

Blood returning from ABOVE the diaphragm enters the right atrium through the ________.

superior vena cava

Deoxygenated blood from the heart wall drains into the right atrium through the ________.

coronary sinus

The term ________ refers to contraction of a heart chamber; ________ refers to relaxation/filling.

systole, diastole

In normal rhythm, the ________ contract together first, followed by the ________.

atria, ventricles

The two circuits of blood flow are the ________ and the ________ circuits.

pulmonary; systemic

The __________ is a triple-layered sac that encloses the heart

pericardium

The outermost layer of the pericardium, called the __________, is made of _____ connective tissue that holds the heart in place and prevents overfilling.

fibrous pericardium, dense

Inferiorly, the fibrous pericardium adheres to the __________; superiorly it fuses with the roots of the great vessels.

diaphragm

Deep to the fibrous pericardium is the __________, a double-layered membrane consisting of ____ and ____ layers.

serous pericardium, parietal, visceral

The outer layer of the serous pericardium that lines the inside of the fibrous layer is the __________ layer.

parietal layer

The inner layer of the serous pericardium that lies directly on the heart’s surface is the __________ layer, also called the __________.

visceral, epicardium

The space between the parietal and visceral layers is the __________, which contains lubricating __________ that reduce friction as the heart beats.

pericardial cavity, serous fluid

When fluid or blood accumulates in the pericardial cavity and compresses the heart, the condition is known as __________

cardiac tamponade

The wall of the heart has three layers: the outer __________, middle __________, and inner __________.

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

The thick, muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contracts to pump blood is the __________.

myocardium

The connective tissues within the myocardium form the __________, which reinforces the heart internally and anchors cardiac muscle fibers.

cardiac skeleton

The innermost layer of the heart wall, the __________, is composed of _____ ____ epithelium and lines the chambers and valves.

endocardium, simple squamous

The wall between the two atria is the _____. _____; the wall between the ventricles is the _____  _____.

interatrial septum, interventricular septum

Inside the right atrium, the ridged portion is formed by the __________ muscles, while the smooth and ridged areas are separated by the __________.

pectinate, crista terminalis

The small flap projecting from the atrium’s superior corner is the __________, meaning “little ear.”

auricle

The depression in the interatrial septum that marks the site of the fetal foramen ovale is the __________.

fossa ovalis

The irregular ridges on the inner wall of the ventricles are called __________, while the nipple-shaped projections anchoring the valve cords are the __________ muscles.

trabeculae carneae, papillary

The “heart strings” that connect papillary muscles to valve cusps are the __________.

chordae tendineae

The fibrous pericardium is made of ________ connective tissue.

dense irregular

Semilunar valves (aortic & pulmonary) are composed of endocardium and ________ connective tissue.

dense connective tissue

The atrioventricular valves (tricuspid & mitral) are lined by ________ epithelium.

simple squamous