drug & beh txt 7-9

CNS Depressants

Substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system, resulting in sedation and relaxation.

Sedatives

CNS depressants used to calm or relax patients.

Hypnotics

Drugs that induce sleep and are primarily used for treating insomnia.

Anxiolytics

Medications used to relieve anxiety.

GABA Receptors

Receptors in the central nervous system that respond to the neurotransmitter GABA, leading to inhibition of neuron activity.

Benzodiazepines

A class of drugs that enhance the effects of GABA at the GABA-A receptor, used for anxiety and sleep disorders.

Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotics (Z-drugs)

A class of medications that are used to treat insomnia but are not chemically related to benzodiazepines.

Dependence Liability

The potential for a drug to cause dependence, categorized as psychological or physical.

Toxicity of Sedative-Hypnotics

The potential harmful effects arising from the misuse or overdose of sedative-hypnotics.

Inhalants

Volatile substances that produce psychoactive effects when inhaled, often risking serious health complications.

Antipsychotics

Drugs used to treat psychotic disorders, especially schizophrenia, by reducing symptoms like delusions and hallucinations.

Antidepressants

Medications designed to alleviate symptoms of depression by affecting neurotransmitter levels.

Mood Stabilizers

Drugs that help to stabilize mood fluctuations in conditions like bipolar disorder.

DSM-5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, a standard classification of mental disorders.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

An anxiety disorder characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry about various aspects of life.

Chlorpromazine

The first antipsychotic medication, which revolutionized the treatment of psychotic disorders in the 1950s.

First-Generation Antipsychotics (FGAs)

Older antipsychotics primarily targeting dopamine receptors with higher risks of side effects.

Second-Generation Antipsychotics (SGAs)

Newer antipsychotics that target both dopamine and serotonin receptors, generally with fewer movement-related side effects.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A psychiatric treatment where seizures are electrically induced to provide relief from severe mental disorders.

Alcohol Myopia

A condition where alcohol consumption impairs judgment by focusing attention on immediate cues while ignoring long-term consequences.

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)

The measurement of alcohol levels in the blood, indicating the degree of intoxication.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

A range of disabilities that arise from alcohol exposure during pregnancy.

Delirium Tremens

A severe form of alcohol withdrawal characterized by confusion, hallucinations, and severe autonomic instability.

Withdrawal Symptoms

Physical and mental symptoms that occur upon abrupt cessation of a substance to which the person is dependent.

Proof (Alcohol)

A measure of alcohol content equal to twice the percentage of alcohol by volume.

Cirrhosis

A chronic liver disease characterized by irreversible scarring, often due to alcohol abuse.

Agonist

A substance that binds to a receptor and activates it, producing a biological response.

Antagonist

A substance that binds to a receptor and inhibits its activity, preventing a biological response.

Reuptake Inhibitors

Drugs that prevent the reabsorption of neurotransmitters in the brain, increasing their availability.

Mood Disorders

A category of mental disorders characterized by disturbances in mood, such as depression and bipolar disorder.

Psychosis

A mental condition characterized by a disconnect from reality, often including hallucinations and delusions.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

An anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions).

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, characterized by flashbacks and severe anxiety.

Cross-Dependence

The situation where tolerance to one drug may influence tolerance to another drug.

Tempering Movement

A social movement aimed at reducing alcohol consumption and promoting abstinence.

Anticonvulsant

A drug used to prevent or control seizures.

Anxiolytic Medication

Drugs that reduce anxiety and are used in the treatment of anxiety disorders.

Lithium

A medication commonly used as a mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

Sociocultural Factors

Social and cultural influences impacting individual behaviors and roles, including substance use and treatment adherence.

Deinstitutionalization

The process of moving individuals with mental illnesses out of institutional settings into community-based care.

Stigma

Negative perceptions and beliefs about individuals with mental illnesses, affecting their treatment and social acceptance.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Protocol

A structured process involving the use of electrical stimulation to induce seizures for therapeutic benefit.

Historical Antipsychotic Treatments

Methods used to treat psychosis before modern medications, such as insulin shock therapy and lobotomy.

Alcohol Dependence Theories

Various frameworks used to understand alcohol dependence, including disease models and psychological perspectives.

Media Portrayal of Mental Illness

The representation of mental health issues in media and its effect on public perception and stigma.