Homeostasis and Feedback Mechanisms in Biology

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to homeostasis, thermoregulation, and feedback mechanisms in biology, focusing on body temperature management and its physiological importance.

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment vital for an organism's health.

What is thermoregulation?

Thermoregulation is the process by which the body maintains its core temperature within a narrow range despite external temperature changes.

What happens to enzymes when body temperature exceeds 37°C?

Enzymes will denature and become less effective at catalyzing reactions when body temperature exceeds 37°C.

What is the function of the hypothalamus in temperature control?

The hypothalamus acts like a thermostat, detecting blood temperature and sending signals to regulate body temperature.

What is vasoconstriction?

Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels to conserve heat during cold conditions.

How does sweating help regulate body temperature?

Sweating cools the body as sweat evaporates, taking heat away from the body.

What is negative feedback in homeostasis?

Negative feedback is a mechanism that helps to return conditions to a set point when deviations occur.

Give an example of a negative feedback mechanism in the body.

The regulation of body temperature is an example of a negative feedback mechanism.

What is piloerection and its role in thermoregulation?

Piloerection (goosebumps) helps insulate the body by trapping warm air near the skin when cold.

What are the consequences of dehydration on body temperature regulation?

Dehydration can impair the body's ability to regulate temperature effectively, potentially leading to overheating.

What is the significance of maintaining glucose concentration in the body?

Maintaining glucose concentration is crucial for cellular respiration and overall metabolic function.

How do mammals and birds maintain body temperature?

Mammals and birds are warm-blooded; they maintain a constant body temperature regardless of external changes.

Explain what positive feedback mechanisms are.

Positive feedback mechanisms push the system further from the normal level, enhancing a process or outcome.

What is an example of a positive feedback loop?

The process of blood clotting is an example of a positive feedback loop.

How do kidneys regulate water levels in the body?

Kidneys filter blood, control water reabsorption, and maintain electrolyte balance to regulate water levels.

Why is temperature regulation crucial for enzyme activity?

Temperature regulation ensures enzymes function effectively, as they have an optimal temperature range.

What role do arterioles play in thermoregulation?

Arterioles help regulate blood flow through vasodilation and vasoconstriction in response to temperature changes.