AP Gov The Presidency

Month typically of presidential campaign nominations?

August. The order of the convention – party out of power goes first.

Electors needed to become president?

270

Inauguration date?

January 20. 20th amendment

Elections were the popular vote failed to win the presidency?

2000 – Al Gore won popular vote, GW Bush won presidency

2016 - Hillary Clinton wins popular vote, Trump wins presidency

Legislative powers of the president?

Can influence Congress by lobbying its members to support/oppose pending legislation and by defining the congressional agenda. Budget, sign/veto

Vote needed for overwriting presidential veto?

2/3 majority vote in Congress

Presidential use of line-item veto?

Declared unconstitutional in 1997 Supreme Court

Veto power in modern presidents?

Generally, more likely to veto legislation

FDR and the veto?

372 vetoes, exercised his veto power to prevent the passage of even small pieces of legislation

Signing statements?

A written message that the president issues upon signing a bill into law

Chair of the federal reserve board?

Plays a crucial role in managing the economy

Obama’s fed chair?

Janet Yellen

Party roles performed by the president

Serves as national party leader, fundraiser, campaigns in support of nominees

Executive agreements

International agreement between US and other nations, not subject to Senate approval and only in effect during administration of president who negotiate agreement

President presidential role as chief diplomat

Leader of diplomatic corps, host state dinners at White House, formally, receives ambassadors of other nations, appoints ambassadors, executive agreements

Power is vested in the president by the constitution

Control over military, supreme military commander, power over troop deployment, commander in chief

Presidential functions and roles that overlap

Chief executive and chief of state

Presidential rule that is mostly ceremonial

Chief of state

Traditional role of vice president

Support president, tiebreaking vote

Vice presidents who were elected president

George HW Bush, LBJ

Reasons for choosing a vice president

Balance the ticket

Number of cabinet departments

15

Cabinet as an advisory body begins with whom?

George Washington

Most recent cabinet

Homeland Security

Janet Reno

Attorney General from 1993-2001

Colin Powell

First African American Secretary of State

Executive office of the president

Offices, counsel and board that help the president carry out responsibilities

Positions within the White House office

Chief of staff, press secretary, White House counsel

Chair of the NSC

President

Office of Management and Budget

Creates presidents annual budget. Among most important agencies for policymaking and implementation.

25th amendment

VP cabinet determine the course of action when a president is not able to fulfill his duties

Line of succession for presidency

VP, speaker of the house, President pro tempore

Wilson’s illness

Last months in office, Wilson was incapacitated, first lady assumed some decision-making and responsibility

Kennedy’s assassination

LBJ was sworn in as president after JFK was assassinated,, led to 25th amendment

Presidential powers granted by the constitution

Framers granted presidents both expressed powers and inherent powers

Emergency powers

Given to president by public through election mandates, presidential popularity, or unified public opinion on a particular issue or course of action

Enumerated powers in article 2

Veto, pardon, treaty, convene Congress, commander-in-chief, appointment

The take care clause

Constitutional basis for inherent powers, which states that the president “ shall take care that the laws be faith faithfully executed”

President powers granted by congress

Statutory powers

Jefferson’s Louisiana purchase

Early example of a president exercising implied powers (executive agreement)

Characterize executive orders

The power of a president to issue orders that carry the force of law, very few limitations

Lincoln’s actions during the Civil War

Used emergency powers to suspend civil liberties of agitators

Characterize emergency powers

Broadest in foreign affairs. Broad powers, exercised by president during times of national crisis.

Characterized executive privilege

US V Nixon represented check on executive privilege

Presidential use of the bully pulpit

Term coined by Teddy Roosevelt. Used to persuade the public. Presidents seek to communicate that their stances on important issues are the right choices and that their actions should be supported

George W. Bush’s approval ratings

After 9/11 had high approval ratings, had legislative success, war in Iraq waned his popularity and ratings

Characterize a public approval ratings

By optimistic approval by the public, varies and strength from president to president, “honeymoon period”

Rally around the flag effect

The peaks in presidential approval ratings during short term military action

Doctrine of populism

Andrew Jackson, a political philosophy that emphasizes the needs of the common person, new source of presidential power

Watergate

During the Nixon administration, a scandal involving burglaries and the subsequent cover up by high-level administration officials

Impeachment process in Congress

indictment: if majority of house members voted to impeach, they forward the charges against the violated president, “ articles of impeachment” to Senate, Senate tries president and determines the penalty

Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton

Impeached by House of Representatives, highly partisan, prompted in institutional reforms and debates, prime, examples of checks and balances

First ladies and their roles

Some have hands on approaches, while others stay out of spotlight, the American people typically accept both types with an open mind, some first ladies have influenced policy, concerns or worked behind the scenes

The public and a female presidential candidate

The trend of respondents who said they would vote for a female presidential candidate has been positive, but still a significant portion of people would be unwilling to vote for a female. 33% would vote for female