Q4 LAVC

What were the foundations of the early medieval society?

• Classical Roman culture

• Christian beliefs

• Customs of Germanic tribes

Where did the Germanic Civilization of the Vikings live?

Scandinavia

Where did the Germanic Civilization of the Angles and Saxons live?

England

Where was present day France and Germany?

Franks

What was Charlemagne’s title?

Holy Roman Emperor

Who emerged as a force in Western Europe during the age of Charlemagne?

The Franks

Who crowned Charlemagne the Holy Roman Emperor?

The Pope

What was revived as the language of scholars, but disappeared as a language of everyday life?

Classical Roman Latin

Most of what Europe was included in the new empire?

Western Europe

Who migrated to England in the 5th century?

The Angles and Saxons

Who migrated to central Europe in the 10th century?

The Magyars

Who were the Magyars and Angles-Saxons tribal units led by?

Chieftains

What religion did the Magyars and Angles-Saxons gradually convert to?

Christianity

When did the Viking attacks mostly take place?

In the 9th and 10th centuries

What did the lack of arable land led to?

Exploration and invasion

The Viking attacks contributed to the collapse of what empire?

The Frankish Empire founded by Charlemagne

What is feudalism?

Political and military system based on owning land

What is a fief?

Castle and lands belonging to a noble

What are vassals?

Rent lands from lords

Where did Vikings settle?

Present day Russia, Iceland, Greenland and briefly in North America.

What is manorialism?

Economic system centered around the self-sufficient manor

What are some contributions of the Mesoamericans?

• Caldanders

• Mathematics

• Writing and other record-keeping systems

What were Quipus?

A knotted string used by the Incas as a method of keeping records

What did William the Conqueror do?

Led the Norman Conquest and united most of England

What did King John do?

Signed the Magna Carta, limiting the king’s power

How did the Hundred Years’ War help define England as a nation?

Evolution of Parliament

Who was the Hundred Years’ War between?

England and France

Which dynasty united most of France?

The Capetian Dynasty

What did King Philip ll (Augustus) do?

Made Paris the French capital

Who was a unifying force for the French?

Joan of Arc

Who united most of Spain?

Ferdinand and Isabella

Who did Ferdinand and Isabella expel?

Jews and Muslims

The Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere expanded under whom?

Charles V

What did Ivan the Great of Russia do?

Threw off the rule of the Mongols, centralized power in Moscow and expanded the Russian nation

All power in Russia was in the hands of whom?

The tsar

Which church influenced unification in Russia?

Orthodox Church

What are five key events of The Crusades

• The speech of Pope Urban ll

• The capture of Jerusalem

• Founding of Crusader states

• Loss of Jerusalem to Saladin

• Sack of Constantinople by the Western Crusaders

What was the effect of the Crusades on monarchs?

Strengthened monarchs who gained new powers of taxation

Who did the Crusades cause disillusionment with?

The Popes and nobles who began to launch and fight Crusades against fellow Christians

Where did the Crusades stimulate trade throughout?

The Mediterranean area and Middle East

Who were the Crusades weakened by?

The Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire ended when it fell to whom?

The Ottoman Turks in 1453

What was Constantinople renamed to and what did it become?

It was renamed Istanbul and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire

What were the effects of the Bubonic plague or Black Death in the 14th century?

Destroyed the populations of much of Asia and Europe - spread along trade routes by fleas and rats

What were six impacts of the Black Death?

• Decline in population

• Scarcity of labor

• Attempts by lords to restrict wage increases and land acquisition

• Large scale peasant revolts

• Massacres of Jewish populations

• Disruption of trade

Where did the church scholars work?

Monasteries - buildings occupied by a community of monks living under religious vows

The church scholars were among the few who can read and write, so what works did they translate, and what did they make from that?

Translated Greek and Arabic words into Latin - made new knowledge in philosophy, medicine and science available in Europe

What did the Crusades encourage economically?

Encouraged the use of credit and banking

What products did the Crusades increase access to?

Middle Eastern products

What letters were used to expand the supply of money and expedite trade?

Letters of Credit

What did Florence, Venice and Genoa have access to?

Trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets

Who wrote The Prince?

Machiavelli'

What four things was The Prince about?

• An early modern treatise on government

• Supported absolute power of the ruler

• Maintains that the end justifies the means

• Advises that one should not only do good if possible, but evil when necessary

What supported renaissance ideas in Northern Europe?

Growing wealth

What two ideas did Northern Renaissance thinkers combine?

Humanist ideas with Christianity

What helped spread the sale of knowledge?

The Gutenberg printing press

What did Northern Renaissance writers do?

• Increasingly portrayed secular subject

• Erasmus - The Praise of Folly (1511)

Who were two artists of the Renaissance?

Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo

What did Leonardo da Vinci create?

The Last Supper and The Mona Lisa

What did Michelangelo create?

David, ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

Who did humanism celebrate?

Celebrated the induvidual

Who was considered the father of Humanism?

Petrarch

What did Sir Thomas More write?

Utopia (1516)

Who was Humanism supported by?

Wealthy patrons