Карточки PSYC 2301 TCPS 2 Core | Quizlet

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Minimal-risk research projects do not need to be reviewed by a full REB. A delegated review may be conducted by one or more REB members.

False (your answer)

True

True

A new virus is spreading among human populations, and the mechanisms that explain how it spreads are not well defined. One theory is that the virus is spread from person to person in workplaces due to mosquitoes. If this theory is true, installing mosquito nets in workplaces would sufficiently protect employees from this new virus. However, the scientific data do not allow for the moment to determine if this hypothesis is correct. While an epidemic is raging in a foreign country, a Canadian researcher affiliated with an institution eligible for agency funding proposes a research protocol whose objective is to verify this hypothesis. The study methodology basically consists of recruiting employees working for different employers and randomly assigning them to group A (use of mosquito nets) or group B (control group not using mosquito nets). Subsequently, the relative effectiveness of the nets will be evaluated according to the incidence of viral infection in these two groups.

During the research, compelling scientific evidence demonstrates that the virus can be transmitted from person to person, but is not transmitted by mosquitoes. Should the researcher continue the research as approved by the REB?

NOPE

YES (your answer)

NOPE

The researcher should end the study, as it now has no potential benefit.

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A researcher from a Canadian institution eligible for agency funding wants to determine the frequency of cannabis use among high school students in Canada. The researcher plans to create a website that will contain a secure link to a survey that students who wish to participate in the research can complete. For scientific reasons, only students who have ever used cannabis will be invited to participate in the survey and answer it anonymously (answer all questions with YES or NO).

The researcher believes that it is likely that some high school students who will respond to the survey come from an Aboriginal community. However, the researcher does not intend to include Aboriginal identity in his analysis of the results. In addition, it will not be possible for the researcher to know which participants come from Aboriginal communities, since the research does not include socio-demographic questions of this nature. Does the researcher need to engage Indigenous communities?

YES

NO (your answer)

NO

Which of the following statements is true? (choose all that apply)

According to the TCPS2, consent should be voluntary, informed and ongoing. (your answer)

In research with underage participants, parents always have the final say on their participation.

In certain circumstances, deviations from the general principles of consent are acceptable.

In certain circumstances, waivers of the requirement to document the consent process are acceptable.

In the vast majority of cases, consent must be obtained prior to a participant's participation in research. (your answer)

Wrong

A researcher from a Canadian institution eligible for agency funding wants to determine the frequency of cannabis use among high school students in Canada. The researcher plans to create a website that will contain a secure link to a survey that students who wish to participate in the research can complete. For scientific reasons, only students who have ever used cannabis will be invited to participate in the survey and answer it anonymously (answer all questions with YES or NO).

The REB administrator considers the proposed research project to be minimal risk research. It therefore determines that a delegated evaluation can be done rather than an evaluation in the full committee. Is the REB administrator correct in believing that this is minimal risk research and in providing for delegated review rather than full committee review?

NOPE

YES (your answer)

NOPE

A full committee evaluation would be preferable in this case since the study will be done with minors and the questions asked of the participants could lead them to reveal personal information, sensitive information and to admit to having taken part in activities illegal. Also, it is illegal in some places to involve minors in research.

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A researcher from a Canadian institution eligible for agency funding wants to determine the frequency of cannabis use among high school students in Canada. The researcher plans to create a website that will contain a secure link to a survey that students who wish to participate in the research can complete. For scientific reasons, only students who have ever used cannabis will be invited to participate in the survey and answer it anonymously (answer all questions with YES or NO).

Some REB members disagreed with the researcher's methodological decision to exclude from the study students who had never used cannabis. According to them, such an exclusion will decrease the probability that the researcher manages to publish the results in a prestigious journal. Should the REB compel the researcher to modify the research protocol for this reason?

NOPE

YES (your answer)

NOPE

The REB does not have the mandate to assess a study based on the likelihood that it will be published. However, the REB may require modifications to the protocol if it deems that the proposed method is likely to fail to answer the question under study and, therefore, the protocol does not strike a good balance between risks and the potential benefits.

The current version of the Tri-Council Policy Statement was adopted in 1998 by Canada's three research funding agencies.

False (your answer)

True

False

Canada's three research funding agencies adopted the first version of the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS) in 1998. However, the current version is TCPS 2. This was adopted in 2010 , and its most recent revision dates from 2018.

A researcher from a Canadian institution eligible for agency funding wants to determine the frequency of cannabis use among high school students in Canada. The researcher plans to create a website that will contain a secure link to a survey that students who wish to participate in the research can complete. For scientific reasons, only students who have ever used cannabis will be invited to participate in the survey and answer it anonymously (answer all questions with YES or NO).

The researcher wants to compare the frequency of cannabis use according to the sex and gender of the students. Is such an analysis ethically acceptable?

YES (your answer)

NOPE

Yes

Since sex and gender analyzes are useful for achieving study objectives, they are ethically acceptable.

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A new virus is spreading among human populations, and the mechanisms that explain how it spreads are not well defined. One theory is that the virus is spread from person to person in workplaces due to mosquitoes. If this theory is true, installing mosquito nets in workplaces would sufficiently protect employees from this new virus. However, the scientific data do not allow for the moment to determine if this hypothesis is correct. While an epidemic is raging in a foreign country, a Canadian researcher affiliated with an institution eligible for agency funding proposes a research protocol whose objective is to verify this hypothesis. The study methodology basically consists of recruiting employees working for different employers and randomly assigning them to group A (use of mosquito nets) or group B (control group not using mosquito nets). Subsequently, the relative effectiveness of the nets will be evaluated according to the incidence of viral infection in these two groups.

Prior to the start of the research project, some prospective participants had already installed mosquito nets in their workplaces as a precautionary measure. The researcher knows that some of them will be reluctant to participate in the study because of the possibility that they will be randomly placed in the group that will work in an environment without nets. In order to convince them to participate in the research, the researcher is considering offering these potential participants a considerable financial incentive. Is this approach ethically acceptable?

YES

NO (your answer)

No

According to TCPS 2, the granting of financial incentives should not create undue influence, compromise voluntary consent, and cause people to take risks with which they would not normally be comfortable.

As the primary policy document on research ethics in Canada, the TCPS 2 takes precedence over provincial and territorial laws.

False (your answer)

True

False

TCPS 2 does not take precedence over provincial and territorial laws.

A large team of researchers made up of biologists, social scientists, epidemiologists and statisticians from Canada and around the world want to conduct a study that aims to determine the social and biological predispositions to chronic diseases of Aboriginal peoples in Canada. As part of this research, in-depth interviews will be conducted with people residing in First Nations, Inuit and Métis territories. In addition, saliva and blood samples will be collected for genomic analysis.

Choose the correct answer:

In the context of research with Aboriginal communities, the three fundamental principles of TCPS 2 do not apply.

In the context of research with indigenous communities, community agreement is more important than individual participant consent.

In the context of research with Aboriginal communities, having a research agreement signed is more important than obtaining the individual consent of the participants.

All of these answers.

None of these answers. (your answer)

None of these answers.

The ethical requirements for research with Indigenous communities described in Chapter 9 of TCPS 2 should not invalidate or diminish the importance of the ethical requirements found in other chapters of TCPS 2.

Which of the following statements is true? (choose all that apply)

REB review is not always required for research requiring the secondary use of anonymized information. (your answer)

For research requiring the secondary use of non-identifying information, researchers are not required to seek REB review.

Researchers who have not obtained consent from participants for secondary use of identifiable human biological materials should always attempt to contact participants again to obtain their consent.

For a research project requiring the secondary use of non-identifying information, researchers must obtain the consent of the participants, but they are not required to request a REB review. (your answer)

For a research project requiring the secondary use of non-identifying information, researchers must seek REB review, but they are not required to seek consent from participants.

REB review is not always required for research requiring the secondary use of anonymized information.

For research involving the secondary use of non-identifiable information, researchers shall seek REB review, but are not required to seek participant consent

A new virus is spreading among human populations, and the mechanisms that explain how it spreads are not well defined. One theory is that the virus is spread from person to person in workplaces due to mosquitoes. If this theory is true, installing mosquito nets in workplaces would sufficiently protect employees from this new virus. However, the scientific data do not allow for the moment to determine if this hypothesis is correct. While an epidemic is raging in a foreign country, a Canadian researcher affiliated with an institution eligible for agency funding proposes a research protocol whose objective is to verify this hypothesis. The study methodology basically consists of recruiting employees working for different employers and randomly assigning them to group A (use of mosquito nets) or group B (control group not using mosquito nets). Subsequently, the relative effectiveness of the nets will be evaluated according to the incidence of viral infection in these two groups.

Collaborators will work in the country where the research will take place. These collaborators have obtained all the necessary ethical certifications to conduct research in this country. Does the Canadian researcher's REB also have to approve the research?

NOPE

YES (your answer)

Yes

Any research conducted by a researcher at a Canadian institution is the responsibility of that institution.

A new virus is spreading among human populations, and the mechanisms that explain how it spreads are not well defined. One theory is that the virus is spread from person to person in workplaces due to mosquitoes. If this theory is true, installing mosquito nets in workplaces would sufficiently protect employees from this new virus. However, the scientific data do not allow for the moment to determine if this hypothesis is correct. While an epidemic is raging in a foreign country, a Canadian researcher affiliated with an institution eligible for agency funding proposes a research protocol whose objective is to verify this hypothesis. The study methodology basically consists of recruiting employees working for different employers and randomly assigning them to group A (use of mosquito nets) or group B (control group not using mosquito nets). Subsequently, the relative effectiveness of the nets will be evaluated according to the incidence of viral infection in these two groups.

One of the researcher's family members works for a company that produces, markets and distributes mosquito nets. Should the researcher declare a potential conflict of interest to the REB?

NOPE

YES (your answer)

yes

Otherwise, the validity of the study results could be undermined by an actual conflict of interest, or challenged due to an apparent conflict of interest.

A researcher from a Canadian institution eligible for agency funding wants to determine the frequency of cannabis use among high school students in Canada. The researcher plans to create a website that will contain a secure link to a survey that students who wish to participate in the research can complete. For scientific reasons, only students who have ever used cannabis will be invited to participate in the survey and answer it anonymously (answer all questions with YES or NO).

If the REB determines that the target population and prospective participants have the capacity to decide for themselves to participate in the study, should the REB require the researcher to obtain permission from a parent or authorized third party before underage participants take part in the research project in this context?

YES (your answer)

NOPE

Nope

In this case, it has been determined that minors have the capacity to make a decision on their own. Requiring permission from a parent or authorized third party could negatively impact the privacy of students who wish to participate in the study.

Participant consent may be obtained other than in writing.

True (your answer)

Fake

True

Consent may be documented in other ways, where circumstances require.

A large team of researchers made up of biologists, social scientists, epidemiologists and statisticians from Canada and around the world want to conduct a study that aims to determine the social and biological predispositions to chronic diseases of Aboriginal peoples in Canada. As part of this research, in-depth interviews will be conducted with people residing in First Nations, Inuit and Métis territories. In addition, saliva and blood samples will be collected for genomic analysis.

Choose the correct answer:

If the proposed research project only involves Indigenous communities located outside of Canada, Chapter 9 of TCPS 2 cannot apply.

The TCPS 2 Chapter 9 guidelines may be relevant to and applied to non-Aboriginal communities. (your answer)

Chapter 9 is the only chapter in TCPS 2 that provides guidelines for researchers wishing to conduct research with Aboriginal communities.

All of these answers.

none of these answers

The TCPS 2 Chapter 9 guidelines may be relevant to and applied to non-Aboriginal communities. (your answer)

Respectful research practices established with Indigenous peoples for research with Indigenous peoples in Canada can guide research with Indigenous communities abroad and other communities, where appropriate.

A researcher from a Canadian institution eligible for agency funding wants to determine the frequency of cannabis use among high school students in Canada. The researcher plans to create a website that will contain a secure link to a survey that students who wish to participate in the research can complete. For scientific reasons, only students who have ever used cannabis will be invited to participate in the survey and answer it anonymously (answer all questions with YES or NO).

The researcher suggests asking participants to provide minimal information about themselves, such as their sex, gender, age and postal code (indirect identifiers). However, entrants will not be required to provide direct identifiers such as their name, and the researcher will not collect entrants' IP addresses. Given the information that will be collected, can the data be considered anonymous?

YES

NO (your answer)

No

The combination of indirect identifiers (sex, gender, age and postal code) could identify the participant.

Which of the following statements is true? (choose all that apply)

A debriefing session to inform participants should follow all research projects that use deception. (your answer)

It may be ethically acceptable, in certain circumstances and under specific conditions, to conduct research that poses more than minimal risk and involves the deception of participants.

In general, researchers should favor research projects conducted with participants capable of making decisions and protecting their interests.

When a third party has authorized a participant's participation and the participant regains decision-making capacity, the researcher must obtain the participant's consent.

Which of the following statements is/are true? (choose all that apply)

Some people are inherently vulnerable and should therefore be excluded from most research projects.

In general, conduct research with participants living in low- and middle-income countries should be avoided, as the power relationship between researchers and participants may compromise the voluntary consent of the latter.

Some communities are inherently vulnerable and should therefore be excluded from most research projects.

In general, research with pregnant participants should be avoided because of the risks such research may present.

It is sometimes necessary to exclude people of advanced age from research when the burden resulting from their participation in research is greater than the potential benefits that they could derive from it. (your answer)

It is sometimes necessary to exclude people of advanced age from research when the burden resulting from their participation in research is greater than the potential benefits that they could derive from it.

A large team of researchers made up of biologists, social scientists, epidemiologists and statisticians from Canada and around the world want to conduct a study that aims to determine the social and biological predispositions to chronic diseases of Aboriginal peoples in Canada. As part of this research, in-depth interviews will be conducted with people residing in First Nations, Inuit and Métis territories. In addition, saliva and blood samples will be collected for genomic analysis.

Choose the correct answer:

REB review and community consultation should be undertaken at the same time. (your answer)

Researchers should seek REB review before consulting the community.

Researchers should consult with the community before requesting REB review.

Researchers should consult with the community before requesting REB review.

To be able to assess the ethical acceptability of research involving Indigenous communities, REBs must have evidence of community involvement. Therefore, researchers should initiate a community engagement process before seeking REB review.

A new virus is spreading among human populations, and the mechanisms that explain how it spreads are not well defined. One theory is that the virus is spread from person to person in workplaces due to mosquitoes. If this theory is true, installing mosquito nets in workplaces would sufficiently protect employees from this new virus. However, the scientific data do not allow for the moment to determine if this hypothesis is correct. While an epidemic is raging in a foreign country, a Canadian researcher affiliated with an institution eligible for agency funding proposes a research protocol whose objective is to verify this hypothesis. The study methodology basically consists of recruiting employees working for different employers and randomly assigning them to group A (use of mosquito nets) or group B (control group not using mosquito nets). Subsequently, the relative effectiveness of the nets will be evaluated according to the incidence of viral infection in these two groups.

To facilitate the recruitment of participants, the researcher plans to invite employers to be part of the research team. By doing so, the researcher hopes that the research will be better publicized, that employees will feel more invested in the research and that the recommendations formulated according to the research results will be implemented. Do you think such collaboration is ethically desirable?

NOPE

YES

NOPE

The power relationship between employers and employees as well as potential conflicts of interest could constitute an undesirable influence when recruiting participants, which could compromise the voluntary nature of consent.

A researcher from a Canadian institution eligible for agency funding wants to determine the frequency of cannabis use among high school students in Canada. The researcher plans to create a website that will contain a secure link to a survey that students who wish to participate in the research can complete. For scientific reasons, only students who have ever used cannabis will be invited to participate in the survey and answer it anonymously (answer all questions with YES or NO).

The researcher wants to ask teachers to inform their students of the existence of the study and explain to them how they can access the link that leads to the survey in case they want to answer it, whether at home or not. anywhere outside the classroom. The school board has approved the proposal, the teachers are not members of the research team, and the context is not likely to exert coercive pressure on students to participate in the study. Is the proposal ethically acceptable?

NOPE

YES

Yes

According to the information provided, the voluntariness of the consent is protected and therefore the proposal is acceptable.

A large team of researchers made up of biologists, social scientists, epidemiologists and statisticians from Canada and around the world want to conduct a study that aims to determine the social and biological predispositions to chronic diseases of Aboriginal peoples in Canada. As part of this research, in-depth interviews will be conducted with people residing in First Nations, Inuit and Métis territories. In addition, saliva and blood samples will be collected for genomic analysis.

The researchers plan to conduct in-depth interviews in which they will ask members of Indigenous communities to provide information about their diet and lifestyle. Choose the correct answer:

Some research projects involving Indigenous communities may meet minimal risk research criteria and be assessed under delegated review.

In the context of research with Indigenous communities, it is the REB's responsibility to determine whether a given research project should be considered minimal risk research.

With respect to research with Indigenous communities, the distinction between research with minimal risk and research with greater than minimal risk is relevant.

All of these answers.

None of these answers.

All of these answers.

In accordance with the principle of proportional review, it is the REB's responsibility to determine whether a given research project meets the criteria that define minimal risk research. REBs make their decision on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the particularities of the research and using the same criteria for research with Indigenous communities as for research with non-Indigenous communities.

A new virus is spreading among human populations, and the mechanisms that explain how it spreads are not well defined. One theory is that the virus is spread from person to person in workplaces due to mosquitoes. If this theory is true, installing mosquito nets in workplaces would sufficiently protect employees from this new virus. However, the scientific data do not allow for the moment to determine if this hypothesis is correct. While an epidemic is raging in a foreign country, a Canadian researcher affiliated with an institution eligible for agency funding proposes a research protocol whose objective is to verify this hypothesis. The study methodology basically consists of recruiting employees working for different employers and randomly assigning them to group A (use of mosquito nets) or group B (control group not using mosquito nets). Subsequently, the relative effectiveness of the nets will be evaluated according to the incidence of viral infection in these two groups.

In order to facilitate the consent process, the researcher plans to exclude all underage employees, for whom parental consent may be required. Would the exclusion of this group from the research for this reason be ethically acceptable?

NOPE

YES

Nope

The desire to facilitate the consent process is not a sufficient ethical reason to justify the exclusion of certain groups from research.

It is up to the researchers to decide whether a material incidental finding should be communicated (or not) to the participant.

True

Fake

Fake

In order to respect the autonomy of participants and their right not to know, researchers should only communicate these results if the participants have consented to receive them.