Studied by 4 people
Building consumers
position the receiver as the ideal reader and therefore consumer of product
Critique
a detailed analysis and assessment of something, especially a literary, philosophical, or political theory.
Communicative Purpose
the reason why a piece of writing has been written or a speech made (e.g. to entertain, to explain, to persuade, to argue)
Didactic
a term describing a work intended to preach or teach often containing a particular moral or political point
Determinism
the belief that language determines how we think
Disempowering
taking power and language away from a social group
En masse
addressing a large number of readers
Empowering
Giving power and language to a social group
Ethnocentrism
centered on a particular ethnicity
Ethos
beliefs, ideologies
Face
the concept that communication relies on presenting a "face" to listeners & audiences
Ideology
inherent belief in a text
Synthetic sisterhood
the 'false friendship' created in magazines aimed at females
temporal context
time of production
Text
A statement or coherent set of oral or written statements.
Cartoon
A drawing or scene printed in a book, newspaper, etc., usually humorous in nature, and sometimes accompanied by text or commentary.
Aphorism
Sentences that are regarded as the law, as absolute reality.
Kinetics
Pertaining or relating to kinesics (set of gestures and body movements).
Canon
A model or prototype that gathers the characteristics that are considered perfect in its genre, especially the one referring to the human figure that gathers the ideal proportions.
Literary genres
Lyrical - One of the oldest, whose usual expression is the poem, in its multiple and very different possible presentations.
Dramatic - That which represents some episode or conflict in the life of human beings through the dialogue of the characters.
Narrative - A narration of facts.
Forms of Writing
Prose - Manner of writing, keep writing without a fixed structure.
Verse - A way of writing with a fixed structure, such as a poem.
Collate
To put in good order things that have some connection or relationship to each other.
Synalepha
In poetry, when there are 2 vowels together between words, they are counted as one syllable because it is easy to transition.
Enjambment
When a line is tactically cut where it should not be cut.
Lexicon
Way of calling texts/words.
Morphology
Analyzing the meaningful structure of the components of a word.
Syntax
The order of words and sentences.
Semantics
The study of various aspects of the meaning, sense, or interpretation of linguistic signs, such as symbols, words, expressions, or formal representations.
Prepositions
Words like before, under, under, fits, with...
Consignation:
Precise - A specific date, such as 25 May 2024
Imprecise - A vague reference, such as "a few days before..."
Subjective - A perception of time, such as "10 seconds passed, but it seemed like 10 hours."
Psycho-narration
The narrator gives an account of his character's mental processes even though the words, as such, are not necessarily attributable to the character but to the narrator. The narrative is focused, to a greater or lesser degree, on the consciousness of that character.
Interjection
A word that has no specific meaning (definition) but represents an idea or feeling, such as "Ouch!" or "Oops..."
Interpellate
Demanding explanations on a matter, especially if done with authority or entitlement.
Metonymy
Referring to an instrument to talk about its owner (e.g., "Gabriel's pen traveled the world") or using a container to refer to the object inside (e.g., "taking a glass" refers to the liquid inside).
Parallelism
A literary device of repetition, consisting of the reiteration of the same structure in several phrases or sentences to achieve a rhythmic and sequential effect.
Epithet
An adjective denoting an obvious quality of a noun, such as "white" in "the white snow."
Euphemism
A mild or decorous manifestation of ideas whose straightforward and frank expression would be harsh or rude, such as using "Wednesday" instead of "shit."
Litotes
A mild or decorous manifestation of ideas whose straightforward and frank expression would be harsh or rude, also known as "sugarcoating."
Magical Realism
A Latin American literary movement that makes the strange familiar, presenting a reality with a physical world that exists.
Surrealism
A movement that explores the unconscious and the oneiric (pertaining or relating to dreams) to create a unique universe.
Intertextuality
The relation of a text to others that precede it, creating connections and references between texts.
Epistle
A poem or other literary work in the form of a letter or series of letters.
Dogma
A set of beliefs of an indisputable and obligatory character for the followers of any religion, representing an unquestionable belief.
Heretic
A person who denies any of the established dogmas of a religion, often considered as going against the accepted beliefs.
Secular
Not related to or associated with any religion.
Retruncation
The reorganization of the elements of a sentence in a subsequent sentence, creating a different structure and meaning, such as "You have to work to live, not
Allusion
A reference to another work of literature, person, or event. Usually implied, not explicit. Often provides another layer of meaning
Allegory
A literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent or symbolize ideas. Can be a story of some complexity corresponding to another situation on a deeper level
Ambiguity
The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. Could be created through weakness of the writer's expression but often is deliberate to create layers of meaning
Ambivalence
Simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or feelings towards something or someone. Writer's attitude to something may not be clear but may seem to hold at least two responses
Anaphora
The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses OR Use of a word referring back to a word used earlier to avoid repetition
Antonyms
words that have contrasting meanings
Cataphoric reference
making reference forwards to something as yet unidentified in a text. E.g. "It was warm. It was living. It was a rabbit."
Cliche
an overused expression, idea or image that lost its original meaning/impact
Contraction
a shortened word
Collocation
2+ words that often appear together as part of a set. often well known & predictable, many could be idioms or cliches (safe & sound)
Command
The type of sentence in which someone is told to do something
Compliance techniques
language used to make people comply
Colloquial language
the linguistic style used for casual communication
Dialect
words or phrases particular to a geographical place
Disclose markers
words, phrases or clauses that help to organize what we say or write
Double entendre
a statement that has two meanings, one of which is dirty or vulgar
Dysphemism
substitution of a more offensive or disparaging word or phrase for one considered less offensive.
Euphemism
An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant
Formulaic
a term to denote language that is patterned and always appears in the same form (e.g. Yours faithfully)
Imperative
a command
Implicature
suggestions, eg I'm tired meaning, 'I want to go home and you should come with me.'
Inclusive Pronouns
Pronouns to make the reader feel included e.g. 'we', 'our'
Intensifier
a word or phrase that adds emphasis (e.g. very, unbelievably)
Intertextuality
references to other texts
Irony
the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning
Levels of formality
Vocabulary styles including slang, colloquialisms, taboo, formal and fixed levels
Metonymy
when one whole thing represents something close to it
Modality
a speaker's or writer's attitude towards the world, can express certainty, willingness, possibility, obligation etc. through modal words and expressions
Modal verb
an auxiliary verb which cannot be used as a main verb (can, may, will, shall)
Neologism
new word or expression
Occupational register
A technical vocabulary associated with a particular occupation or activity
Parody
A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.
Polyvocality
many voices in a text
Prosody
longer units of speech that convey meaning, including linguistic functions such as intonation, tone, stress and rhythm
Pun
a play on words that have similar sounds but different meanings
Rhetoric
the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.
Rhetorical devices
Persuasive devices
Satire
the highlighting or exposing of human failings or foolishness within a society through ridiculing them
Semantic fields
groups of words connected by a shared field of reference, eg medicine, art.
Sensationalism
when newspapers, television, etc. intentionally present information in a way that is intended to be shocking or exciting
Sociolect
A language style associated with a particular social group
Super latives
of the highest degree, usually ending in -st (tallest)
Synecdoche
part represents the whole
Synonyms
words that have similar meanings
Synthetic personalization
the process of addressing mass audiences as though they were individuals through inclusive language usage
Triadic structure
pattern of three (same as rule of 3, 3 part build-up etc)
Compositional Axis
Describes where the subjects in an image are placed.
Vertical axis
The left is known, the right is new or unknown
Horizontal axis
The upper section is ideal, the lower elements are real
Caricature
A character shown through the exaggeration of the features that he or she possesses
Chiaroscuro
The relationship of light and shade in an image
Connotation
An idea or feeling that a word or image invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning for a person
Denotation
The literal meaning of a word or image
Emanata
Unrealistic pictorial elements often used in comics emanating from a character symbolizing something about that character
Note
Flashcard