Rousseau

Two kinds of inequality:

Natural inequality- Moral and political inequality (established by the consent of man)

Rousseau state of nature

long period of time, people start alone, use instict to live

Difference between Hobbes and Locke's state of nature and Rousseau's

Hobbes's and Locke's state of nature isn't actually the SN, it's world around them

Rousseau's characteristics of people in SN

The weak die, strong leave, hymans have free will, change mood actions

difference between man and animals

free will and man's capacity for self-perfection/self-reflection

self-perfection

This means men can become better or worse

We devlop reasons over time, through

passions/fears/desires. hunger. pain

Nature did not ___ want to live together society—therefore, she did not give us speech

men

is state nature good or bad?

Stature of nature isn't good or bad, because no one is around

What are humans born with

Pity

How does someone get rid of pity?

Pity is natural/born with, can't be destroyed, doesn't come before reason

what is needed to live together

reason

Reason vs. Pity

Reason is needed to live in society• But it leads to egocentric behavior• Reason isolates one man from another• Pity moderates reason's love of oneself• In a state of nature, pity takes the place of laws,mores, virtue etc.• Reason commands: do unto others as you wouldhave them do unto you• Pity commands: do what is good for you with aslittle harm as possible to others

At first, man does not know

justice property

the way out of a state of nature?

the establishment of property

Rousseau is opposed to

property and the move out of the state of nature

Why should the poor protect the wealthy, according to the wealthy?

one day the poor may become wealthy, and they'd want protection

how is ineuqlaity devloped

people realized that some of them were better at some things than others

Rousseau's preferred state

is a legitimate, free, and egalitarian civil society established by the Social Contract. (Republic)

poltics is

hoax - a schemeby the rich to protect themselves from the poor

Men care more about the opinions of others than

their own happiness

we have what traits

onor without virtue; reason without wisdom; pleasure without happiness

social contract

"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.", even masters are slaves

Each person gives all his rights to

the community without reservation

"As each man, in giving himself to all, gives himself to___”

no one (giving up rights)

what guides the social contract?

general will

civil freedoom

freedom given by laws

the general will gains

civil and moral freedom and right to what he owns

genereal will losts

natural freedom and right to everything he sees (when people enter society, they trade their unlimited "natural freedom" (to do anything they want) for "civil freedom," gaining rights within a community governed by the "general will"—the common good—and must obey laws, even being "forced to be free" by the state to follow the common interest over their own selfish desires, ensuring a functional, just society. )

What is the General Will?

every single person's perspective of best interest in the county

will of all

perspective of yourself (currently)

source of

laws

How can general will be transferred?

can't be tranfered

idle state

direct democracy

general will cannot be about

a person, object, must be about the country as whole

Roseru Idle Election

people shouldn't tell others about thier vote, they can discuss election but not thier vote

What does the discussion of the vote lead to

factions

Law must not be about

repressive government, must be about the entire country

any state must be govern by __ makes it a ___

law and republic

legislator

one person who writes the constitution

leglastor requirements

know people's passions without feeling them; care about happiness, not his

The legislator must convince people of what

to adopt a consution

people adopt constitution by

attribution wisdom of gods

legislator make a new regime in __ or

youth of people (recently started country, after revolution

fundamental political law

is relationship of like constitution

civil law

relationship of members to one another and entire body—here each citizen should be dependent on the state and not on each other

criminals law

the specific set of laws that address disobedience and enforce the obligations of the Social Contract. Its fundamental purpose is to preserve the state and ensure citizens adhere to the General Will.

legislative power

belongs to the people but executive power cannot belong public

Government is defined as

Executive power,

democracy government is best for

to the entiere people or majority (small states)

aristocy government is

entrusted, to small number of people (medium-sized states) (prefered)

Monarchy

is entrusted to a single magistrate (large states)

democracy law-making

some people make/execute laws, people should not turn thier attention particular object instead of genereal law, the many cannot pay attention to public matters

the idle artiocracy

natural aristocracy

natural ariostrocy

are suited for simple people

The worst Aristocracy is

hereditary aristocracy

The best Aristocracy is

elective Aristocracy

which government leads better

aristocracy than democracy

Why is aristocracy better

it requires moderation among rich and counterargument among the poor.

"virtual representation"

representatives use their own judgment (trusteeship theory).

Delegate theory

Find the rational solution (what is good for the country) (is this always identifiable?)

"Prescription": possessions become legal over time,even if acquired illegally

circumstances and context (Do what is possible, not what is ideal)

"Prescription": possessions become __ over time,even if acquired _____

legal and illegally

Knowledge also leads to other

powers