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Psychotherapy

Treatment involving psychological techniques; consisted of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.

Biomedical Therapy

Prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's psychology.

Eclectic approach

An approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques for various forms of therapy.

4 types of talk therapies

psychodynamic, humanistic, behavioral, and cognitive

Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patent's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transference—and their therapist's interpretations of them—released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight.

Techniques of psychoanalysis

free association, resistance, interpretation, transference

Free association

In psychoanalysis, saying whatever comes to mind

Resistance

In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material,

Interpretation

In psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.

Transferring

In psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent).

dream interpretation

(Manifest vs latent content) dreams are symbolic representations of unconscious conflicts and represses impulses

Psychodynamic Therapy

Therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight.

Client-centered therapy

A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth (also person-centered therapy)

Active listening

Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy.

Unconditional positive regard

A caring, accepting, no judgement approach, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.

Types of behavior therapies

Counterconditioning, exposure therapy, flooding, systematic desensitization, virtual reality exposure therapy, aversive conditioning, token economy

Behavior therapy

Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

Conditioning

Modify behavior by association a desired behavior.

Counterconditioning

Behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning. Created by Mary Cover Jones.

Flooding

No gradual; immediately face fear

Exposure therapy

Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid.

Systematic Desensitization

A type of exposure therapy that associated a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias. Created by Joseph Wolpe.

Virtual reality exposure therapy

An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplanes, spiders, or public speaking

Aversive conditioning

A type of counterconditioning that associated an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol). It is the verse of systematic desensitization.

Token economy

An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange their tokens for various privileges or treats.

Cognitive therapies

Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.

Rational-emotive behavior therapy

a confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people's illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions

Aaron Beck

pioneer in Cognitive Therapy. Suggested negative beliefs cause depression.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

A popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior). Useful for anxiety, depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, OCD

Group therapy

therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction

Family therapy

therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

Evidence-based practice

clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

Psychopharmacology

The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.

Antipsychotic drugs

Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of sever thought disorder; dampen responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli (chlorpromazine, Thorazine)

Antianxiety drugs

Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation; depress CNS activity and should not be used in combination with alcohol (xanax, ativan).

Antidepressant drugs

Drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD. (Several widely used antidepressant drugs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

Electroconvulsive therapy

A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity.

Psychosurgery

Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.

Lobotomy

A psycho surgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling center of the inner brain.

Resilience

the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma