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Ziggurats
Religious temples in ancient Mesopotamia.
Tigris and Euphrates
The two rivers crucial to the development of Mesopotamian civilization.
Cuneiform
The writing system developed by the Mesopotamians.
Uruk
Considered one of the first cities in ancient Mesopotamia.
Code of Hammurabi
An example of a legal code from ancient Mesopotamia.
Sargon of Akkad
Ruler who created one of the first known empires in Mesopotamia.
Iraq
Modern-day country located where ancient Mesopotamia thrived.
Clay tablets
Material used by Mesopotamians to keep records and communicate.
Pyramids
Tombs for pharaohs in ancient Egypt.
Nile
Crucial river for the development of ancient Egyptian civilization.
Hieroglyphics
The writing system used by ancient Egyptians.
Papyrus
The material used for writing in ancient Egypt.
Wheat
A common crop grown by ancient Egyptians.
Great Pyramid of Giza
Known as the largest pyramid in Egypt.
Mummification
The process used to preserve the body for the afterlife in ancient Egypt.
Cleopatra
Ancient Egyptian queen known for her beauty and diplomatic skills.
Pharaoh
Ancient Egyptians believed he was a god on earth.
Ra
The name of the sun god in ancient Egyptian mythology.
Sanskrit
The ancient Indian language in which many holy texts were written.
Ganges
The river closely associated with the development of early Indian civilization.
Hinduism
The religion that originated in ancient India, known for teachings on karma and dharma.
Ashoka
A significant emperor of the Maurya Dynasty known for spreading Buddhism.
Castes
The term for social and economic divisions in ancient Indian society.
The Vedas
The ancient Indian collection of hymns and religious texts.
Ganges
Considered a sacred river in India, crucial for Hindu rituals.
Confucianism
The main philosophy that influenced Chinese society during the Han Dynasty.
Silk Road
Important trade route between China and Europe.
Taoism
Philosophy emphasizing living in harmony with the Tao.
Silk
A major export of Ancient China.
Confucius
The founder of Confucianism.
Great Wall of China
Built to protect against invasions.
Yellow River
River considered the cradle of Chinese civilization.
Qin Shi Huang
The first emperor of a unified China.
Taoism
Ancient Chinese philosophy emphasizing harmony with nature.
Han Dynasty
Dynasty known for its development of paper.
Silk Road
Primarily used for trade between China and other regions.
Wheelbarrow
Chinese invention that allowed for more efficient agriculture.
Terracotta Warriors
Made from clay and buried with the first Emperor of China.
Confucius
Ancient Chinese thinker known for his teachings on ethics.
Zhou Dynasty
Significant for the creation of a feudal system.
Samurai
A warrior in ancient Japan.
Haiku
Famous ancient Japanese form of poetry with 17 syllables.
Shogun
A military leader in ancient Japan.
Wood
The primary material used for ancient Japanese castles.
Bushido
The code of honor followed by samurai.
Ainu
The indigenous people of Japan.
Heian
Period known for the development of Japanese writing.
Buddhism
The primary religion introduced to Japan from Korea.
Arts and literature
The advancements that characterized the Heian period.
Kamakura
Period when the samurai class became prominent.
Ikebana
Traditional Japanese art of flower arrangement.
Shinto
Native religion of Japan involving the worship of kami.
Jerusalem
Capital of ancient Israel during the reign of King David.
Torah
The sacred text containing the laws and teachings of the ancient Israelites.
Ark of the Covenant
Sacred artifact housed in the First Temple built by Solomon.
Moses
The leader who led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt.
Solomon
Known for his wisdom and building projects in ancient Israel.
Masada
Hilltop fortress where Jews made their last stand against the Romans.
Genesis
Book of the Bible telling the story of creation and Noah's Ark.
David
The shepherd boy who fought and killed Goliath, later became King of Israel.
