kingdom Amelia unit 3

Flashcards covering important key concepts related to marine mammals, flatworms, rotifers, roundworms, bivalves, cephalopods, and the anatomy of various classes within these phyla.

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes flatworms in Phylum Platyhelminthes?

They are distinguished by having a saclike body plan with bilateral symmetry and are dorsoventrally flattened.

What are the four body regions of rotifers in Phylum Rotifera?

Head, neck, trunk, and foot.

What is cryptobiosis in rotifers?

A state that allows rotifers to survive long periods under unfavorable conditions.

What is a defining characteristic of roundworms in Phylum Nematoda?

Cylindrical bilateral body tapered at each end with a tube-within-a-tube body plan.

What distinguishes the class Bivalvia?

Bivalves have a body structure that is flattened laterally and enclosed by two valves (halves) of a shell.

What adaptations do cephalopods have for capturing prey?

Their foot is modified into arms or tentacles with suction cups used to capture prey.

How do octopuses and squids move?

They use jet propulsion by expelling water from their siphon.

What unique feature do cone snails (Gastropoda) possess?

Enough venom to kill 700 people, delivered by shooting a spear coated in venomous mucus.

What is the radula in Phylum Mollusca?

A file-like mouth part used to scrape off bits of food.

symmetry

bilateral/ radial

levels of organization

cellur, tissue, organ, organ system,

tissue layers

gastrulation, diploblastic, triploblastic

what is gastrulation

production of germ cell layer

what is diploblastic

organism with 2 germ layers (echo and endoderm)

what is triploblastic 

organism with 3 germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm)

what is ectoderm

the outermost germ layer in a developing embryo that gives rise to the skin, nervous system, and other structures.

what is endoderm

the innermost germ layer in a developing embryo that forms the lining of the digestive tract and various organs.

what is mesoderm

the middle germ layer in a developing embryo that gives rise to muscles, circulatory system, and skeleton.

protostome 

mouth forms first 

deuterstome

anus forms first

what are the body cavities

acoelamate, coelomate, and pseudocoelomate.

what is the acoelamate

a type of organism that lacks a body cavity between its digestive tract and outer wall, typically found in flatworms.

what is the coelomate

a type of organism that possesses a true coelom, a fluid-filled body cavity fully lined with mesoderm tissue, allowing for greater complexity in organ development.

what is the pseudocoelamate

derived from the mesoderm (not completely aligned)

phylum proferia

sponges

choanocytes

maintain water flow

phylum cnidaria 

jellyfish, coral, hydra 

what are the classes of cnidarians

hydrazoa, scyphozoa, anthozoa

hydrazoa

man of war jellies

scyphoza

box jellies

anthozoa 

sea anemones and corals

phylum Platyhelminthes

flatworms

phylum rotifera

rotifers

phylum nematoda 

roundworms

class bivalve

clams

class cephalopods

octopiand squids, characterized by a distinct head, tentacles, and a soft body.

class gastropods

snails and slugs

class polyplacophora 

chitons 

anterior

mouth

posterier

anus

cleavage

a series of cell division by mitosis and meiosis

phylum placozoa

parozoans (not true tissues)

what are characteristics of phylum Porifera

sponges

color from dinoflagellates 

choanocytes- maintain water flow (in the sponge)

amoeboyctes- non-motile egg

what are the larval stage of sponges 

amphiblastula 

parenchymula 

what are the classes of sponges

hexactinellida, calcarea, sclerospongiae

what is class hexactinellida

glass sponges

what is class calcarea

calcareous sponges

class sclerospongiae 

found in tunnels in coral reefs

phylum ctenophora

comb jellies that are marine invertebrates of the phylum characterized by their cilia, which they use for locomotion.

what is the pharynx in phylum Platyhelminthes

muscular structure that sticks out on ventral side for feeding

worms use what for asexual reproduction 

fission or regeneration 

what are the 3 classes of phylum Platyhelminthes

Turbellaria, Trematoda, Cestoda

what is class Turbellaria

a class of free-living flatworms commonly found in aquatic environments, characterized by their ciliated body surfaces and ability to glide on water.

what is class Trematoda

a class of parasitic flatworms, commonly known as flukes, that primarily inhabit the bodies of various host organisms and have complex life cycles.

what is class Cestoda 

a class of parasitic flatworms known as tapeworms, which live in the intestines of their hosts and are characterized by their segmented bodies.

what are the larvae stages of Platyhelminthes

miracidium, and cercia(affects human stage)

phylum nermartea

ribbon worms that are characterized by their elongated, soft bodies and a distinctive proboscis used for capturing prey.

what is eutely in phylum rotifera

a condition where an organism has a fixed number of cells in its body,

phylum nematoda

roundworms characterized by a non-segmented body and a complete digestive system.