AP Euro Swap Test Review

What percent of the population was the third estate?

97

What was the first estate made up of?

Church clergy workers

What was the second estate made up of?

Nobility

What was the third estate made up of?

Peasants and bourgeoisie

What are the bourgeoisie?

middle class business owners

What are the long term causes of the French Revolution?

Enlightenment and little 3rd estate representation

What are the short term causes of the French Revolution?

Tennis Court Oath, Louis firing Jacques necker

What was the tennis court oath?

It was when the third estate was locked out of the room

What was the role of women around the french revolution time period?

They participated in political demonstrations.

How did the rest of europe feel about the events around the french revolution?

Worried and fearful

What was the National Assembly of 1789?

The government body that established the constitution.

What was the Legislative Assembly of 1791-92?

The legislative body of France during the revolution.

What was the directory in France?

a five person committee which governed France from 1795-1799.

What were paper bills issued by the French government during the French Revolution to pay off debt?

Assignats

What was a direct land tax imposed on the French peasantry by the Ancien Régime in France?

Taille

What was it when a crowd stormed the Bastile prison as a sign of revolution?

Storming of the bastile

What was the period of panic and violence in France during the early stages of the French Revolution?

Great Fear

What was the violent period during the French Revolution where the Committee of Public Safety, led by Maximilien Robespierre, orchestrated mass executions of people?

Reign of Terror

What is the belief in the existence of a creator who does not intervene with life?

Deism

What was the main idea of Rousseau’s Emile?

Children were a blank slate, and must be helped to form their personality

How did women play a role in the Enlightenment?

They participated in political discussions in salons.

What kind of government did Thomas Hobbes advocate?

Absolute Monarchy

Who believed in the power of human reason to improve society, advocating for social and political reforms through the spread of knowledge, saw science as a key tool for understanding the world and achieving progress?

Philosophes

What does Voltaire mean when he says “Crush the Infamous Thing”?

He means to stand up against the Church

Who formulated the three laws of planetary motion?

Kepler

What is scholasticism?

By the book christianity

Who believed that the mind and body are separate entities?

Descartes

What’s the difference between Copernicus and Galileo on heliocentrism?

Copernicus theorized it, and Galileo proved it

What did Newton discover?

Gravity and the laws of motion

What are the characteristics of the Enlightenment?

Daring to think and know more.

Who talked about elliptical orbits?

Kepler

What caused Louis to call the estates general?

The French Revolution bankrupting France.

What do they storm the bastille for? (extra credit potentially)

gunpowder

Which two people contributed to the scientific method using their ideas of deductive and inductive reasoning?

Descartes and Bacon

What interpretation does stromberg criticize?

The French Revolution was a class conflict.

What social class is the person on the ground in reveil du tiers etat?

Nobility

Who was influenced by the conditions surrounding the Glorious Revolution?

Thomas Hobbes

Who proved that earth orbited the sun?

Copernicus

Where did the third estate declare themselves the ruling power in France?

Tennis Court Oath

Who were the working-class people in France?

Sans-culottes

What science was primarily based on a blending of Christian Theology and the writings of classical authors?

Medieval science

Which ism believes that natural borders should be the political borders? (meaning the borders follow nature and geography)

Nationalism

Which ism believes in slow change, keeping tradition, and is a response to Liberalism?

Conservatism

Which ism believes it’s the Government's job is to protect the rights of the individual, and the individual liberties?

Liberalism

Which ism was a REACTION to the ENLIGHTENMENT's scientific and logical way of doing things?

Romanticism

Which ism has only the government control all factors of production?

Communism

Which two people wrote the communist manifesto?

Karl Marx and Frederich Engels

Which ism believes The State and its Institutions are enemies of freedom?

Anarchism

Which ism began while advocating for the rights of the workers and an end to poor factory conditions?

Socialism

Which ism justifies Imperialism because weaker countries SHOULD BE conquered?

Social Darwinism

What ism were Beethoven, Wagner, and Goethe apart of?

Romanticism

What ism were Proudhon, Bakunin, and Godwin apart of?

Anarchism

What ism were Maistre and Edmund Burke apart of?

Conservatism

Who were Henri de St. Simon & Fourier?

French Socialists

What ism was apart of Greek Independence from Ottomans, and Italian and German Independence?

Nationalism

Which independence did Nationalism influence?

Greek Independence from Ottomans, Italian Independence, and German Independence

Which ism believed in experiencing life and not in experiments?

Romanticism

Which ISM doesn't believe in a government by the people and was a reaction to the French Revolution?

Conservatism

Which ism was inspired by the chaos on the Continent from 1804-1815 and wanted to rule itself, not be ruled by other nationalities?

Nationalism

Which ism was most active in Russia as a response to the absolutist Tsar?

Anarchism

Who coined the phrase “Survival of The Fittest"?

Herbert Spencer

Which ism has resources owned by the community, and you put in according to your talents and take only what's needed?

Socialism

Which ism has this painting, Wanderer above the sea of fog?

Romanticism

Which ism has this painting, titled Liberty Leading the People?

Liberalism

Which ism uses Adam Smith’s policies of Laissez-Faire?

Liberalism

What did The Brothers Grimm’s collection of German folklore create a sense of in Germany?

Nationalism in Germany

Which ism believed in a lack of government interference, believed state and institutions are the enemy, and was anti-religion?

Anarchism

Why was anarchism most active in Russia?

As a response to the Absolutist Tsar

Which ism fought bitterly against Karl Marx and was the reason for many political assassinations in 19th century Europe?

Anarchism

Which ism had many writers, musicians, and paintings, and was about feelings, nature, and emotion?

Romanticism

Which ism wanted a utilitarian government, advocated for women’s rights, and wanted free and constant competition?

Liberalism

Which ism wanted to keep monarchs and traditions and stay conservative?

Conservatism

Which ism believed competition was natural and necessary for society?

Social Darwinism

Why did Social Darwinism cause Imperialism?

It was based on survival of the fittest.

Which ism stressed no reforms because under government control no reforms are needed?

Communism

Which ism believed in equality of all, no social classes, no private property, GOVT controls all factors of production?

Communism

Explain the communist quote and belief “From each according to his ability, to each according to his need”

Provide what you can, and take what you need

What’s the difference between Communism and Socialism?

Socialism has some private property while Communism doesn’t, socialism is democratic while communism is ruled by the government

Which ism has resources owned by the community rather than owned by the government like how Communism is?

Socialism

Why is England the first country to industrialize?

Abundant natural resources

Who is the first country to industrialize?

England

Who is the last, but fastest to industrialize?

Russia

Why did Germany wait so long to industrialize?

To fix its political state

When did Germany become a country?

1871

Who was against the Enclosure Acts?

Working class people

Who was for the Enclosure Acts?

The government, aristocracy, and landowners

Who are the aristocracy?

Small, privileged ruling class

Who was an English agriculturist who helped to bring about the British Agricultural Revolution of the 18th century?

Jethro Tull

What was the impact of Jethro Tull’s invention on the time period?

Transformed agricultural practices, sowed more efficiently

Who was for the corn laws?

Landowners and farmers

Who was against the Corn Laws?

Middle class

What were the corn laws?

Tariffs on imported grains

What were the British laws that allowed landowners to enclose and privatize previously common owned land?

Enclosure Acts

What happened to the cottage industry?

Replaced by factory production

What did the cottage industry “look” like?

Small scale production in home

Why did the earliest steam engines get invented?

To pump water

Why did a strong banking system help industry?

Provides access to money and opportunities

Who were the middle class people?

Bourgeoisie

What did the first industrial revolution focus on?

Steam power and textiles

What did the second industrial revolution focus on?

Advancements in electricity and steel