business leadership unit 1 test

what are the expected criteria organizations need to meet today?

ethics, social responsibilities, innovativeness, employee development

what are early career survivor skills

mastery (being good at something) networking (need to have connections) entrepreneurship (must act like you are running your own business, spotting ideas opportunities) love technology, good marketing skills (communicate your success), always learning and changing

what is an organization

group of people working towards the same thing, gets input resources and as the out put produces finished goods and services

explain the consumer feedback cycle

environment supplies, organization creates by work activities turning resources into outputs (transformation process), environment consumes

if operations add value to the original cost then...

organizations can sell it for more than the cost of making it and then earn profit

a non profit organization can

add value to society by providing public service that is worth more than its cost

high achievement good: effective and efficient

goals achieved, no resources wasted, high productivity

high achievement poor - effective but not efficient

goals achieved but resources wasted

low achievement poor- neither effective nor efficient

goals not achieved resources wasted

low achievement good- efficient but not effective

no wasted resources but goals not achieved

changing nature of organizations key points

renewed belief in employees, disappearance of command and control, emphasis on teamwork, prominence of technology, embrace of networking, new workplace expectations, concern for work life balance, focus on speed

three characteristics of organizations

purpose to create good or service, division of labour, hierarchy of authority - level by level management

top managers

responsible for whole organizations

middle managers

report to top managers in charge of departments

line manager

their work directly contributes to production (CEO)

staff manager

work in specialized support areas such as marketing such as accounting, human resources

manager

work in for profit organizations

administrators

work in non profit organizations (principal hospital administrator

functional manager

responsible for single area (accounting engineering )

general manager

responsible for complex areas (department store manager)

the four functions of management

planning, organizing, leading, controlling

interpersonal roles

how a manager interacts with figurehead, leader

informational roles

how manager exchanges and processes
information: monitor, spokes person, disseminator

decisional roles

how a manager uses information in decision making: entrepreneur, negotiator, resource allocator

unity of command

only one manager per employee

unity of direction

single plan everyone plays a part to make happen

subordination of individual interests

only work issues to be discussed at work

remuneration

fair pay for all, employees are valuable

centralization

decisions are made from the top when recognizing difficulties in large organizations

scalar chain

clear formal commands running from top tp bottom of the organizations

order

all things should be in their place

personnel tenure

too much staff turnover is to be avoided, good workers should have lifetime employment

espirit de corps

managers should work to build harmony among personnel

innitiative

work with enthusiasm

fayols rules of management

foresight, organization, command, coordination, control

characteristics of webers bureaucratic organizations

clear division of labour, clear hierarchy of authority, formal rules and procedures, impersonality, careers based on ability

quantitative approach to managerial problem solving

problem is encountered, systematically analyzed, calculations are applied, solution is identified

maslows hierarchy of needs

self actualization, esteem/ accomplishment, love/belonging, safety, physiological

what does Chris Argyris believe

managers who treat people positively and as adults will achieve highest productivity. suggests allowing more task variety and participation promoting better human relations

knowledge management and organizatonal learning

those who continually build knowledge and use it fully exceed (google)