AP Psychology Unit 5: States of Consciousness

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31 Terms

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Consciousness
our awareness or ourselves and our environment
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Circadian rhythm
biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle
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REM sleep
rapid eye movement; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur
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Alpha waves
the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
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Sleep
periodic, natural loss of consciousness- as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation
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Hallucinations
false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of external visual stimulus
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Delta waves
the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
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NREM sleep
non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages expect for REM sleep
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Insomnia
recurring problems in falling asleep or staying asleep
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Narcolepsy
a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks
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Sleep apnea
a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
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Night terrors
a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified
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Dream
a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind
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Manifest content
according to Freud, the remembered story line of the dream
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Latent content
according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream
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REM rebound
the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
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Hypnosis
a social interaction in which one person suggest to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur
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Posthypnotic suggestion
a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors
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Disassociation
a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
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Psychoactive drugs
a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
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Tolerance
the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect
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Withdrawal
the discomfort and distress that follow discounting the use of an addictive drug
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Physical dependence
a psychological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued
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Psychological dependence
a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions
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Depressants
drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
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Addiction
compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences
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Opiates
opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
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Stimulates
drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
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Amphetamines
drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
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Hallucinogens
psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
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Near-death experience
an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations