Western Civ Midterm :3

chapters 5-8

Most religions within the empire were

polytheistic

An amphitheater was

a circular arena for outdoor entertainment

What was the main goal of Romanization?

To extend Roman culture throughout the empire

Someone who suffers and dies for their faith is called a

martyr

### What was a donative?

an offering made by a new emperor to his soldiers

Why did Hadrian build a wall across Great Britain?

To put the army to work to strengthen Roman defenses

Excommunication is:

banishment from the Christian church and sacraments

The idea that Christian church leaders receive their authority by being successors to Jesus' Apostles:

apostolic succession

The death of Decius while fighting invaders was seen by Christians as

punishment by God

Many of the important points of Jesus' teachings were delivered in

the Sermon on the Mount

The emperor who blamed Christians for a great fire in Rome:

Nero

Which emperor initiated the first Christian persecution in 64 C.E.?

Nero

During the reign of Augustus:

Rome became united and stable

What Roman senator seized Rome with his army in 88 B.C.E. in order to stabilize the Republic?

Sulla

Gladiators were usually:

slaves

Romans were:

polytheistic

The final conflict between Octavian and Marc Antony was the Battle of

Actium

The highest-ranked elected official in the Roman Republic was the:

consul

What was the primary duty of the consuls in the Senate?

to lead the legion in war

Hannibal was Rome's major adversary in the:

Second Punich War

Roman law under the Twelve Tables represented

the collective will of the people

At the end of the first Punic War in 241 B.C.E., the

Romans gained Sicily

The Golden Age author known for his love poetry was

Catullus

The primary governing body of the Roman Republic was the

Senate

Saint Augustine argued that people needed the grace of God through the authority of the church because:

People were tainted by original sin from Adam and Eve

The Huns were a barbarian tribe that originated in:

East Asia

The last Roman emperor who was dethroned in 476 C.E. was:

Romulus Augustus

Which emperor’s reign began the Late Roman Empire?

Diocletian

Along with moving the capital to Constantinople, Constantine built all of the following *except*

Senate Forum

### Which of the following challenges did Diocletian face at the start of his reign?

* military thread from barbarians
* massive inflation
* a divided empire
* all of these

all of these

Religious hermits who initially lived alone in spiritual contemplation were known as

monks

Many of the barbarians in western Europe converted to:

Christianity

The Merovingian family ruled the early kingdom of the:

Franks

After winning control of Rome in battle, Constantine issued the Edict of Milan, which established the

end of Christian persecutions within the empire

Clovis was accepted by the Roman church because:

he was baptized as a Christian

The translation of the Bible into Latin by Jerome was known as the

Vulgate

The Hajj is:

the pilgrimage to Mecca

To Muslims, Muhammad is considered to be

Allah's last prophet

After Ali's death, which group obtained political leadership?

Umayyads

After 750, the Abbasid caliphate had its capital in

Baghdad

The significant weapon advantage that the Byzantines had over invaders was:

Greek fire

What did Irene do to try and disqualify her son from ruling?

She blinded him

What is the Kaaba?

 

A religious shrine in the city of Mecca

The capital of the Byzantine Empire was:

Constantinople

What were Muhammad's recitations called?

sura

In 622 Muhammad fled Mecca for

Medina

The People of the Book include all of the following *except*

* Jews
* Muslims
* Christians
* Pagans

pagans

During Justinian's reign, the empire's greatest threat from the north came from the:

Slavs

One of the triumphs of Justinian's rule was the construction of what?

Hagia Sophia