American History

The period of rapid industrial growth after the Civil War is known as the

Gilded Age

The invention that most improved communication during the Industrial Age was the telephone

Alexander Graham Bell

The Bessemer Process made it easier and cheaper to

produce steel

The business leader who controlled the oil industry was

John D. Rockefeller

Vertical integration means controlling every step in the

production process

The idea that the government should not interfere with business is called

laissez-faire

The AFL (American Federation of Labor) focused mainly on

skilled workers and better pay.

The Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) was passed to ban

monopolies and limit big business power

Social Darwinism is the idea that the

strongest businesses survive and grow

“Robber Barons” were criticized for using unfair business practices to

gain power

Andrew Carnegie made his fortune in the oil industry 

— False (He made it in steel).

The term “monopoly” means one company controls an entire industry

— True.

The Pullman Strike ended peacefully with workers’ demands met

— False (It was crushed by federal troops).

Industrialization caused many people to move from farms to cities

— True.

Thomas Edison invented the telephone

— False (Edison invented the light bulb; Bell invented the telephone).

One reason industrialization grew so rapidly was because of

abundant natural resources, new inventions, and a large labor supply. ✅

Working conditions were harsh

— long hours, low pay, unsafe factories, and child labor

One invention was the light bulb, which allowed people to

work and live after dark.

A Captain of Industry helped the economy and gave back, while a Robber Baron gained

wealth unfairly and exploited workers.

Labor unions tried to improve workers’ lives by

organizing strikes and demanding shorter hours, better pay, and safer conditions.

Andrew Carnegie wrote … and believed the rich should use their money to…

The Gospel of Wealth … help society. ✅