L8 Context Reinstatement & Encoding Variability

The idea that generating information is always better for long-term retention than reading is related to ___

Generation effect

(Not ‘Level of Processing’! LoP is about viewing memory as shallow to deep processing—semantic/ phonemic/ orthography)

Encoding Specificity vs. TAP Theory

Context cues matching vs. Processing type matching

• Encoding Specificity emphasises the match btw encoding & retrieval contexts (e.g., environmental cues, internal state…). It suggests that the retrieval cues are most effective if they reinstate the context of encoding. It explains the “Recognition failure of Recallable words.”

• TAP is more about the match btw the type of cognitive processing used during encoding & retrieval (e.g., active recall vs. passive recognition, rote memorisation vs. meaningful elaboration).

*Sometimes they overlap!

• e.g., “Test format” works as both a retrieval/ context cue (for ESP) and a determinant of processing type (for TAP).

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