logical fallacies

non sequitur

"it does not follow" (every fallacy technically)

assuming the consequent

reversing the direction of implication (if P, then Q. Q, therefore P)

appeal to x

appealing to emotionally charged but irrelevant information (popularity, consequences, emotion, novelty, tradition, authority, threat, etc.)

ad hominem

attacking a person instead of an argument

complex question

sneaking premise into question (sometimes ad hominem)

tu quoque

dismissing argument by pointing out hypocrisy

naturalistic

inferring ought from is (e.g. if I don’t steal this laptop, someone else will, so if I steal it, it isn’t unethical → if it’s bound to happen, it’s not ethical if I do it)

moralistic

inferring is from ought (assuming values imply facts → e.g. stealing is wrong, so nobody will take my laptop – just because something is morally incorrect doesn’t mean it won’t happen)

false dilemma

limited choices are presented in an argument when other choices are possible (all or nothing type shit)

begging the question

circular reasoning

equivocation

using ambiguity of meaning to mislead

argument to moderation

assuming the middle of two positions is correct

special pleading

applying inconsistent standards without justification and holding double standards (e.g. I should be allowed to speed but nobody else should be)

no true scotsman

arbitrarily excluding examples that disprove a claim (e.g. I have never made bad decisions. "What about last Thursday night?" That doesn't count; I was drunk)

false analogy

assuming things that are similar in one way must be similar in others

straw man

making a weaker version of your opponent's argument to attack

genetic fallacy

assuming the origin of a claim is evidence for or against it (e.g. Hitler brushed his teeth so brushing your teeth must be bad)

argument from ignorance

arguing a claim is true since you can't prove it's false (shifting burden of proof)

post hoc ergo propter hoc

assuming causation from correlation

composition/division

arguing that a whole has attributes of its parts or vice versa

texas sharpshooter

deciding what data to use to support a conclusion using the conclusion itself, cherry-picking the facts

slippery slope

arguing one event must inevitably follow from another without justification

fallacy fallacy

arguing an argument is false because a logical fallacy is present