NETWORK and DATA COMMUNICATION

Consist of 2 or more Computers Connected together, and can communicate and share resources Ex. Information

What is a network?

Based On transmission media

• wired technologies

  • Ethernet LAN cables UTP STP

  • Coaxial cables

  • Fiber-optic cables

  • HDMI / USB Cables

• Wireless Technologies

  • Wifi, Bluetooth, Cellular Networks, Satellite communications

Based on Network Size

• LAN , MAN, WAN, PAN

what are Classifications of Networks (overview)

• Twisted pair cables

  • Unshielded Twisted Pain UTP Cables

  • Shielded Twisted Pair STP cables

• Coaxial Cables

• Fiber Optic Cables

Classification of Wired Transmission media

Unshielded Twisted-Pair UTP Cables

Typically rapped inside Plastic cover ( for mechanical protection)

Sample of UTP cable with 5 unshielded twisted pairs of wire

Shielded twisted Pair STP Cables

these cables has a Metal Foil or Braided-metal-mesh Cover that encases each Pair of insulated Wires

Shielded twisted Pair STP Cables

• typically wrapped inside a plastic cover for mechanical protection

What are UTP cables

• similar to UTP cables except there is a metal foil or braided-metal-mesh cover that encases each pair of insulated wires

What are STP Cables

RJ45 Plug

RJ 45 Jack

Coaxial cables / Coax

a type of wired transmission medium used to transmit Data , Voice, and video signals

• Cable TV

• Early Ethernet Networks

• CCTV Systems

Type of wired transmission media used to transmit data, voice, and video signals

What are Coaxial cables / Coax

• Cable TV

• Early Ethernet Networks

• CCTV Systems

Examples of Coaxial Cables

Coaxial cables

• Outer jacket

• Insulator (yellow)

• Metal Shield (braided/foiled)

• Center Conductor (solid copper)

Coaxial cables

• Sheath

• Braided shielding

• Insulation (PVC, Teflon)

• Conducting core

Sheath

Plastic Covering and Protects the cable physically

Insulation (PVC, Teflon)

protects the CORE, it also keeps the core separate from the braided shield

Conducting core

• Single-Core Coaxial Cable

• Multi-core Coaxial Cable

_______Carries Electromagnetic Signals. Categorized into 2 types:______

Braided shielding

this shield protects signals from External Interference and Noise. Built from the same metal used to build the Core

• Plastic Covering protects the cable physically

• Insulation protects the core, it also keeps the core separated from the braided shield

• The conductor carries electromagnetic signals. Categorized into two types:

  • single -core coaxial cable and

  • multi-core coaxial cable.

• The shield protects signals from external interference and noise. This shield is built from the same metal that is used to build the core.

Give the function of the ff parts of Coaxial cables

• Sheath

• Insulation PVC/ Teflon

• Conducting core

• Braided Shielding

Coaxial Cables

Fiber-optic cables

• Fiber strands , human hari

• frequencies, pulsating beams of light

• Greater volume of data

• is technologically-advanced as compared to the twisted-pair wire and coaxial cable.

  • The _____ are Extremely thin, no thicker than __________

  • instead of Transmitting ________-, this transmits ___________

    • Since light travels faster than electricity, this cables carry a ________________

• Jacket

• Buffer

• Cladding

• Core

Parts of Fiber Optic Cables

Satellite communication

 a type of wireless communication where signals are transmitted to a satellite in space, and the satellite relays the signal back to Earth.

• Satellite TV ex. Cignal TV

• GPS Navigation
  Weather forecasting

• International Phone calls

• Some rural internet services

Examples of Satellite communication

Cellular Networds

• Cells

• Base Station, Cell tower

a wireless communication system that divides a large geographic area into smaller areas called ______, each served by a _____________.

1G Voice Only (Analog) : 2.4 Kbps

2G: SMS and MMS (Digital) 50 Kbps

3G: More data, video calling, and mobile internet : 2Mbps

4G LTE: High Speed Internet 100-300 Mbps

5G: Advanced Wireless: Very high speed, low latency, 20 Gbps

Generation of Wireless Cellular Technology

Bandwith

General term for

• kbps, mpbs chuchu

1G

Voice Only (Analog) : 2.4 Kbps

2G

SMS and MMS (Digital) 50 Kbps

3G

More data, video calling, and mobile internet : 2Mbps

4G LTE

High Speed Internet 100-300 Mbps

5G

Advanced Wireless: Very high speed, low latency, 20 Gbps

Bluetooth

• open wireless protocol

A short range wireless technology. Operate at approx. 1Mbps with range from 10 to 100 meters.

• an ___________for data exchange over short distance

Synchronization

the process of connecting via bluetooth

LAN Local area Network

WAN Wide Area Network

PAN Personal Area Network

MAN Metropolitan Area Network

Classification According to Network Size (Full Names)

Local Are network LAN

• Number of computer, distance covered

• One kind of technology throughout the LAN

• Department within an organization

• Student computer room

• home

Network Size : __________

• Small network, Short Distance

• A room, A floor, A building

  • Limited by _____ and ________

  • usually ______________

• Serve a _____________

  • the network is inside the __________

  • network inside __________

Server

Hub

Workstations

Printer

Component of LAN (yung system)

Wide Area Network WAN

A network that uses long-range telecommunication links to connect 2 or more LANs/computers housed in different places far apart.

WAN

• metropolitan, regional, national boundaries

• _________a computer network that covers a broad area (i.e. any network whose communications links cross _____,________,________

The internet

• The largest and most well-known example of a WAN is ________

Personal Area Network PAN

• 10 meter radius

• Wired (USB) or Wireless

  • Data transfer

  • synchronization

  • internet access

A short-range, small-scale computer network used to interconnect personal devices like smartphones, laptops, and wearables, typically within a____________

• They can be _____or __________, ebabling

  • ________

  • ________

  • ________

Bluetooth Connectivity

WAN is achieved through? ________

Linear Bus Topology

Star Topology

Ring Topology
Hybrid Topology

Enumerate the NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

physical connection of wires

Nodes of the network

 network’s topology refers to the____________- that connect the ___________

Bus topology

• Bus

• broadcast

• Unique adress, Matches its own. If it does not match, the device will simply ignore the transmitted data.

_______is a type of network topology in which all devices are connected to a single cable called a _____

• The data is transmitted as a _________to all devices connected to the bus.

• Each device on the network has a _________, and a device will only accept the data if the destination address______.

Linear Bus topology

Type of Topology:

• Simple and Low cost

• Only one computer can send messages at a time

Star topology

• source node

• target node

a type of topology,  the server, nodes and other devices are connected to a central hub. All data from the _______ must first pass through the central hub before it can reach the _______

Star topology

•  a broken down node will not cause the whole system to break down. However, if a hub is broken, the whole network is lost.

Star Topology

• More cabling , hence higher cost 

• Two or more computers may send message at the same time 

Hybrid Topology

• combination or hybrid network topology

_______: In this topology, the other types of topologies are combined to form __________________

Floors or rooms of a building.

Hybrid topologies are usually used to connect different _________

a world-wide collection of computer networks.

The internet is a ….

Internet

 Individuals and organizations on a network connected to the _______can communicate with and find information on other computer networks that are also connected to the internet.

Electronic Mail

is one of the primary uses of the internet. _____ allows one user to send a text-based message to another.

File Transfer Protocol

• a method for transferring files from one computer on the Internet to another.

World Wide Web Serves

• takes access a step further, providing a hypertext interface. Users can access other text, graphic, sound, and movie resources by pointing and clicking highlighted words or pictures, and can download the information being accessed

hypertext interface.

World Wide Web Serves takes access a step further, providing a ________

Web Pages

• The WWW consists of information organized into thousands of pages stored in computers physically located throughout the world.

Web Browser

• World Wide Web pages are accessed using client browser like Google Chrome, Safari, and others.

Client browser

Other term for Web Browser

Hypertext

• allows you to progress or “branch” to other pages of information of interest or to jump backward and forward along the path you have take in your browsing.

Default page

known as home, the page of information your browser displays when started.

Hypertext Markup Language HTML

is the foundation of the World Wide Web.

Hypertext Architecture.

Hypertext Markup language

HTML;

• All documents, or pages, on the Web are linked together in __________. Documents on the Web are formatted using __________

Uniform Resource Locator

every _______ has a unique identifier called_______.

URL

• WWW browser use the _____ to find a particular Web page among all the computers on the internet language (HTML)

Transmission Control Protocol TCP / IP

The standard data transmission protocol for the internet

Internet Protocol (IP)

• four different numbers, all separated by periods.

______________a system used to connect the various computers within the internet.

• Every computer connected to the internet has its own IP number. An IP number is actually _________ E.g. 192.168.0.1

Domain Name

• host names

• an identification label that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority, or control in the Internet.

• Domain Names are ________ that identify Internet Protocol (IP) resources such as web sites. 

.com Commercial Organization

.edu Educational organizations

.gov Government organization

.mil Military organization

.net network service providers or network resources

.org other organization not falling to the previous one

Domain types

.ph

.fr

.de

.au

.mx

Country Codes

Philippines

France

Germany

Australia

Mexico

Terrestrial Microwaves

• Ground base stations

A wireless communication signals that travel through the atmospere by using microwave frequencies transmitted between __________

• on earth (ground based)

• High frequency radio waves

Terrestrial = ___________

Microwave= ___________

Generation of Wireless Cellular technology

what do you call 1g 2g 3g 4glte

Short message services

SMS meaning

Multimedia messaging services

MMS meaning