Practice Pomeroy Chapter 3

In the early Archaic period, who typically possessed the full range of citizen privileges? 119

Those who were both rich and well-born

When Hesiod talks about taking a wife, how does he judge a good one? 122

She will not disgrace him in the eyes of the neighbors.

What word means "rule by the best men"? 108

Oligarchy

What was the most important factor in determining who was considered noble in early Archaic Greece? 117

Hereditary control of land

From what class were tyrants all drawn? 127

Aristocrats

To what do the terms "red figure" and "black figure" apply? 131

Pottery

What word means "rule by the few"? 108

Oligarchy

What is NOT a characteristic of a typical tyrant's rule? 129

High taxes and oppressive police forces

What were the three major Greek states in the Archaic period, all located in the Peloponnesus? 149

Sparta, Argos, Corinth

When did a significant surge in Greek slave-holding occur? 119

In the 6th century

What was true of hoplite fighting? 125

The casualties for the losers were rarely over 15%.

What was NOT a characteristic of the Archaic period? 101

Preference for bronze over iron

What was a major factor contributing to the rise of tyrants in the various poleis? 127

Aristocratic infighting

What was a major cause of resentment among the richer members of the middle class against the nobility? 120

They were shut out from offices and political power.

What was a symposium in ancient Greece? 136

Drinking party

What was a characteristic of early Archaic Greek governments? 108

Each city-state developed its own system of magistrates.

Where was the first known Greek colony? 113

Bay of Naples

What was the usual relationship between Greek colonists and the native peoples among whom they settled? 116

The Greeks usually traded and intermarried with the natives.

Where were most of the public buildings in a city-state grouped? 135

In and around the agora

What was the chief function of the agora? 135

Marketplace and public meeting space

What was the term for the new style of fighting adopted in the early Archaic period? 124

Hoplite

How did the sons and grandsons of the original tyrants often behave? 129-30

They practiced violent oppression against all opponents

What was the political status of a colony? 111

It was completely independent from the home city

What was an "agora"? 135

An open, gathering space in the center of town

What Archaic Greek society retained the institution of kingship? 108

Sparta

According to Homer, the ghost of Achilles tells Odysseus that, rather than be king of all the dead, he would prefer to be living as what? 118

The thete of a landless man

What was the prerequisite for success in hoplite warfare? 125

Courage: every man must hold his place in the line.

What is the Greek word for a city that sends out a colony? 110

Metropolis

What political structure came into existence in Greece in the 8th century? 101

Polis

How did a typical hoplite battle proceed? 125

The soldiers pushed together until one side broke.

Who ruled in most early poleis? 107

An aristocracy

What economic class was Hesiod in? 123

Middlers

What was hoplite armor like? 124

Thick and strong metal over most of the body.

What was the primary function of kouroi? 133

Grave markers

What new motif began to occur commonly on pottery from the late 6th century? 131

Everyday life

When did the polis first develop? 101

Archaic Period

What is a kouros? 132-33

A statue of a naked young man

What is a tyrant in the original Greek sense of the word? 126-27

Someone who seizes power through an illegal coup.

How did later Greek authors such as Aristotle view tyrants? 129

As champions of the people against the oligarchs

Who were the "agathoi"? 116

Rich landowners

What was the major topic of the Socratic philosophers? 142

Ethics

What was a chief lure used to attract people to settle in a new colony? 110-111 and 116

Promise of an equal lot of land

What was a characteristic of most early poleis? 107

The power of the council increased and the power of the assembly decreased

What group had to support a tyrant in order for his rule to succeed? 128

The citizen-soldiers

What does Aristotle say humans are? 101

Political animals

What does "hoplon" mean? 124

Shield

What was the rallying cry for the poorest people in Greece who were growing in resentment against the rich in the Archaic period? 120

Redistribution of the land

What were the most common terms used in Archaic Greece for chief magistrates? 108

Prytaneis and archons

What was NOT a motive for the Greek colonization movement? 110

Conquest of foreign peoples?

What is a phalanx? 124

A tightly-packed military formation

What kind of life does Hesiod advocate? 122

One of honesty and hard work

Where were most Greek colonies grouped? 112

Southern Italy and the Black Sea

What city sent out more colonies than any other (supposedly 70)? 115

Miletus

What was the official prize given to a victor at the Olympic games? 148

Wreath of olive leaves

What does Hesiod describe as a "beautiful evil"? 123

Woman

What is the territory of Athens called 106

Attica

What is the Greek term for a distance of about 210 yards? 147

Stadion

Who were the thetes? 117

The poor who had to work as laborers for others

What social group in Archaic Greece had the most pivotal role as the independent variable in determining the type of government each city had? 126

The non-aristocratic hoplites

What was the reality of life as a hoplite soldier in the Archaic period? 126

All hoplites were equal in the ranks.

What is a synoecism? 105-106

A unification under one government

How long did most Greek tyrannies last? 127

No more than three generations

What was a significant outcome after the tyrants were overthrown? 130

The farmer-hoplites were included in the government

What was a key feature of hoplite warfare? 124

The shields were big enough to cover half of the soldier to one's left.

When was the Archaic Period? 101

750-480 BCE

What was the main weapon of a hoplite? 124

Thrusting spear

By the end of the 6th century, who had the ultimate decision-making power in the typical polis? 109

Chief magistrate

What cities were the first to send colonies to Italy? 113

Eretria and Chalcis

What other form of political organization was common in Archaic Greece besides the polis? 107

Ethnos

What was an odd feature of Spartan government? 108

Two kings

Approximately how many city-states came into existence in Greece in the Archaic period? 106

Several hundred

What is true about the written sources from the Archaic period? 104

We have Homer and Hesiod, but mostly just fragments of other authors.

What are the earliest Greek philosophers called? 142

Presocratics

What was the biggest source of farm labor before the 6th century? 119

Endebted small farmers

Which of the following was NOT an official event at the ancient Olympic Games? 147

High jump

What is the moral of Hesiod's Works and Days? 121

Justice established by law is the basis for good government.

What defined an ethnos? 107

The different towns were independant and autonomous

What is electrum? 148

An alloy of gold and silver

What was the first known Greek colony? 113

Pithecusae

What is true of the status of early Greek colonists? 110

They gave up citizenship in their original city

What did a man have to have in order to be a soldier? 126

His own armor

What were the essential elements of a polis? 105

A city and adjoining territory as one political unit

What was the symbol of the link between the colony and the mother-city? 111

Sacred fire

What does Hesiod complain about in the Works and Days? 121

Crooked justice

Between 670 and 500 what government was tried briefly, and usually abandoned, by most Greek poleis? 126

Tyranny

What is a council? 109

A small group of men, often chosen from former magistrates