Biomedical Terminology: Unit 3: Chapter 12

Adenoids

Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

Alveolus (alveoli)

Air sac in the lung

Apex

Refers to the tip or outermost portion of that structure

Base

Refers to the lower portion of the structure

Bronchioles

Smallest branches of the bronchi

Bronchi

The branch of the trachea that is a passageway into the each separate lung (bronchial tube)

Cilia

Thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining of the respiratory tract

Epiglottis

Lid like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing

glottis

Silt like opening to the larynx

Hilum

Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit (the lungs)

Larynx

Voice box which contains the vocal cords

Mediastinum

Middle of the chest where trachea divides into two branches

Nares

Openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities

Palatine tonsil

One pair of almond shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx

Paranasal Sinus

One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose

Parietal Pleura

Outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall

Pharynx

The throat (which includes the naso, oro, and laryngo -pharynx)

Pleura

Double folded membrane surrounding each lung

Pleural cavity

Space between the folds of the pleura

pulmonary parenchyma

Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration (bronchioles and alveoli)

Visceral pleura

Inner fold of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue

Bronch/o

bronchus (root)

Bronchi/o

Bronchial Tube (root)

bronchiol/o

bronchiole, small bronchus (root)

capn/o

carbon dioxide (root)

Coni/o

Dust (root)

lob/o

lobe of the lung (root)

mediastin/o

mediastinum (root)

nas/o, rhin/o

nose (root) (2)

orth/o

straight, upright (root)

pector/o

chest (root)

phon/o

voice (root)

phren/o

diaphragm (root)

pneum/o

AIR OR LUNG (root)

pneumon/o, pulmon/o

lung (2) (root)

sinus/o

sinus cavity (root)

spir/o

breathing (root)

tel/o

complete

trache/o

trachea (root)

-ema

Condition (WATCH SPELLING) (suffix)

-osmia

Smell (suffix)

-pnea

breathing (suffix)

-ptysis

spitting (suffix)

-sphyxia

pulse (suffix)

-thorax

pleural cavity, chest (suffix)

Nose, Nasal Cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lung capillaries

Respiratory Flow Chart (9)

Nasal Cavity and Pharynx (Nasopharynx)

Adenoids are located between the _____ and ______ (aka _______)

Croup

Upper airway infection that blocks breathing and has a distinctive barking cough (usually occurs in children)

Epistaxis

Another name for nosebleed (upper respiratory disorder)

Diphtheria

Upper respiratory Disorder; serious infection of the nose and throat preventable by vaccine; a sheet of thick, gray matter covering the back of the throat, making it bleed hard.

Pertussis

“Whooping cough” which is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection, severely dangerous for infants

Asthma

A condition where a person’s airways become inflamed, narrow, and swell, producing extra mucus which makes it difficult to breathe.

Chronic Bronchitis (COPD)

A long term inflammation of the airways (bronchial tubes) leading to a persistent cough and mucus production (most often caused by smoking)

Cystic Fibrosis

An inherited life-threatening disorder that damages the lungs and digestive system; affects cells that produce mucus, sweat, and digestive fluids (mucus clogs in certain organs like lungs, pancreas, and intestines).

Emphysema

Chronic lung disease that permanently damages lungs’ air sacs making it difficult to breathe; most common cause is smoking but also exposure to pollutants or dust.

pulmonary edema

A condition caused by excessive fluid in the lungs

Tuberculosis

A disease caused by bacteria (mycobacterium Tuberculosis) typically affecting the lungs

Pulmonary Embolism

A condition where one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot

Atelectasis

Complete or partial collapse of a lung or lobe due to obstruction or accumulation of fluid, blood, or air in the pleural cavity.

Mesothelioma

Tumor of the tissue that lines the lungs

plural effusion

Buildup of fluid between the tissues that line the lungs and chest

Pneumothorax

A collapsed lung

Pleurisy/pleuritis

Inflammation of the tissues that line the lungs and chest cavity

Endotracheal Intubation

Placement of tube from mouth to trachea to establish airway

Thoracentesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid from pleural space