STI's & HIV/AIDS

What is the HIV Retrovirus?

It contains RNA instead of DNA

Reverse transcriptase Enzyme copies information into pt’s DNA enabling the virus to replicate.

What are the 4 stages of HIV infection?

Seroconversion illness

Asymptomatic HIV

Symptomatic HIV

Late-stage HIV

What can people who are at risk of being exposed to the HIV infection take?

pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) daily.

What are the anti-retroviral PrEP drugs?

Tenofovir and Emtricitabine (brand name Truvada)

Whats the Mode of Action of anti-retroviral PrEP drugs?

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI’s)

What can people who have already been exposed to HIV take and how?

PrEP and PEP (Post Exposure Prohylaxis)

Within 72 hours of exposure OD for 28 days

What are the PEP drugs?

PEP drugs combine PrEP drugs ALONGSIDE Integrase Inhibitor medicine > Raltegravir.

What is HAART Therapy?

Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy.

In HIV treatments, patient's take a combination of 3 different medicines at once (these may be combined into one tablet).

What does HAART therapy usually consist of ?

2 Nukes plus either an integrase inhibitor, an NNRTI, or a boosted protease inhibitor

What are the 'Nukes'?

NRTI's Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (Tenofovir, Emtricitabine, Abacavir, and Lamivudine)

What are the NNRTI’s? (non-nukes)

Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (Efavirenz, Nevirapine)

What are the Protease Inhibitors (PI’s)?

Ritonavir, Indinavir, Fosampreavir

Whats the Mode of Action of Protease Inhibitors?

block HIV being cut into smaller proteins and packaged into infectious particles.(sometimes they are boosted so stay in body longer by slowing down processing in liver)

What is the Entry Inhibitor and its mode of action?

Enfuvirtide - stops HIV from entering the cell.

What is the Integrase Inhibitor and its mode of action?

Raltegravir - prevents HIV being integrated into the cell DNA.