heart & upper arterial anatomy

List the 4 heart chambers.

• Right atrium

• Right ventricle

• Left atrium

• Left ventricle

What are the two functions of the heart valves?

• Prevent backflow

• Ensure unidirectional blood flow

List the 4 heart valves.

• Tricuspid valve

• Pulmonary valve

• Mitral (bicuspid) valve

• Aortic valve

The tricuspid valve lies between what two structures?

• Right atrium

• Right ventricle

The pulmonary valve lies between what two structures?

• Right ventricle

• Pulmonary artery

The mitral valve lies between what two structures?

• Left atrium

• Left ventricle

The aortic valve lies between what two structures?

• Left ventricle

• Aorta

List the crossed-out structures on this image.

1. Aorta

2. Right atrium

3. Tricuspid valve

4. Right ventricle

5. Pulmonary artery

6. Pulmonary valve

7. Left atrium

8. Aortic valve

9. Left ventricle

10. Mitral valve

11. Coronary artery

The superior and inferior vena cava returns (1)__________ blood from the body to the (2)_____ atrium.

1. Deoxygenated

2. Right

The pulmonary artery carries (1)__________ blood from the (2)____________ to the (3)________.

1. Deoxygenated

2. Right ventricle

3. Lungs

The pulmonary veins return (1)_________ blood from the (2)_____ to the (3)_____________.

1. Oxygenated

2. Lungs

3. Left atrium

The aorta is the main artery that carries (1)__________ blood from the (2)______________ to the rest of the body.

1. Oxygenated

2. Left ventricle

Label the structures on the image.

1. Superior vena cava

2. Pulmonary valve

3. Tricuspid valve

4. Inferior vena cava

5. Pulmonary artery

6. Pulmonary vein

7. Mitral valve

8. Aortic valve

List the pathway of pulmonary circulation starting from the body tissues. It should end with the body tissues.

*Include the valves

*15

1. Body tissues

2. Vena cavas

3. Right atrium

4. Tricuspid valve

5. Right ventricle

6. Pulmonary valve

7. Pulmonary arteries

8. Lungs

9. Pulmonary veins

10. Left atrium

11. Mitral valve

12. Left ventricle

13. Aortic valve

14. Aorta

15. Body tissues

What are the 2 semilunar valves?

• Pulmonary valve

• Aortic valve

List the 5 vessels of microcirculation.

• Arteries

• Arterioles

• Capillaries

• Venules

• Veins

Arteries transport _____, ______, and other essential substances.

• Gases

• Nutrients

Arteries progressively ________ in size from the aorta to the arterioles.

Decrease

1. Between the aorta and arterioles, which is larger?

2. Smaller?

1. Aorta

2. Arterioles

Arterioles are considered to be ________ vessels.

Resistance

How do the arterioles assist in regulating blood flow?

Through contraction and relaxation

Through the walls of the capillaries, (1)_________ and (2)_______ products are exchanged between (3)______ and ______.

1. Nutrients

2. Waste

3. Tissue, blood

Which vessel collects blood from the cpaillary beds?

Venules

How do the venules assist in regulating blood flow?

Through contraction and relaxation

Which two vessels assist in the regulation of blood flow through contraction and relaxation?

• Arterioles

• Venules

Veins collect blood from the (1)_______ and returns it to the (2)______.

1. Venules

2. Heart

Veins get progressively _______ from the venules to the heart.

Larger

Label the parts of the vessel microcirculation chart.

1. Vein

2. Venule

3. Capillaries

4. Arteriole

5. Artery

List the 3 layers of the arterial wall.

• Tunica intima

• Tunica media

• Tunica externa/adventitia

Label the layers of the arterial wall seen here.

1. Tunica media

2. Tunica intima

3. Tunica externa/adventitia

What is the name for the innermost layer of the arterial wall?

Tunica intima

What is the name for the intermediate or middle layer of the arterial wall?

Tunica media

What is the name for the outer layer of the arterial wall?

Tunica externa/adventitia

The tunica intima consists of a surface layer of (1)_______________ over a base (2)_______ and (3)________ tissue.

1. Smooth endothelium

2. Membrane

3. Connective

The tunica intima is a ______ layer.

Thin

The tunica media is a ______ layer.

Thick

The tunica media is composed of (1)_______ muscle and (2)__________ tissue, largely of the (3)_______ type.

1. Smooth

2. Connective

3. Elastic

What does the elastic tissue of the arterial tunica media allow for?

Contraction with the heart

The tunica externa is ________ than the tunica media.

Thinner

The tunica externa contains (1)_______________ tissue and at times, a few (2)_____________ fibers.

1. Fibrous connective

2. Smooth muscle

Which arterial layer contains the vaso vasorum?

Tunica externa/adventitia

What does the phrase “blood supply within the blood supply” refer to?

Vaso vasorum

The vaso vasorum are tiny vessels that carry blood to and from the walls of the _________ arteries.

Larger

Label the layers of the arterial wall seen here.

1. Tunica intima

2. Tunica media

3. Tunica externa/adventitia

Label the layers of the arterial wall seen here.

1. Vaso vasorum

2. Tunica intima

3. Tunica media

4. Tunica externa/adventitia

Which arteries are considered proximal to the aortic arch?

Coronary arteries

What are the first branches of the ascending aorta?

Coronary arteries

Which arteries feed the heart?

Coronary arteries

When a patient has a heart attack, many times, which artery usually has the problem?

Coronary arteries

List the 3 aortic arch arteries.

• Innominate artery

• Left common carotid artery

• Left subclavian artery

What is another term for innominate artery?

Brachiocephalic artery

What is the name of the first and largest branch off the aortic arch?

Innominate artery

The innominate artery bifurcates into which two arteries?

• Right subclavian artery

• Right common carotid artery

What is name of the 2nd branch off the aortic arch?

Left common carotid artery

What is the name of the third and last branch of the aortic arch?

Left subclavian artery

1. Which side of the aortic arch has an innominate vein?

2. Will the other side have one?

1. Right

2. No

Label the arteries that are crossed out on this aorta.

1. Right common carotid artery

2. Right subclavian artery

3. Brachiocephalic artery

4. Right coronary artery

5. Left coronary artery

6. Left common carotid artery

7. Left subclavian artery

Label which what structure/artery represents each color.

1. What are the names of the small red arteries that branching off?

Red = Aortic arch

Yellow = Subclavian artery

Green = Common carotid artery

Purple = Brachiocephalic artery

1. Coronary arteries

The subclavian artery runs __________ and __________ to the outer border of the first rib.

• Laterally

• Downward

Where does the subclavian artery terminate?

At the axillary artery

The axillary artery travels along the (1)________ to the upper (2)_____.

1. Shoulder

2. Arm

The axillary artery will split into ___ branches.

7

The axillary artery will become what artery at the axilla?

Brachial artery

The axillary artery becomes the brachial artery at the (1)______ after giving off it’s (2)___ branches.

1. Axilla

2. 7

Label the upper extremity arterials.

1. Subclavian arteries

2. Axillary artery

3. Brachial artery

4. Brachiocephalic artery

5. Aortic arch

6. Descending (thoracic) aorta

7. Radial artery

8. Ulnar artery

The brachial artery begins as the continuation of the ________ artery.

Axillary

What artery is considered the continuation of the axillary artery?

Brachial artery

Which artery courses down the upper arm?

Brachial artery

1. The brachial artery will branch into what two arteries?

2. Where will it branch off?

1. Radial and ulnar arteries

2. Elbow (antecubital fossa)

What is the medical term for elbow?

Antecubital fossa

The radial artery will course down the _______ side of the forearm into the hand.

Lateral

The ulnar artery will course down the _______ side of the forearm into the hand.

Medial

The radial artery will give off a branch into the hand to form the __________ palmar arch.

Superficial

The ulnar artery will give off a branch into the hand to form the __________ palmar arch.

Deep

The radial artery will terminate into the __________ palmar arch.

Deep

The ulnar artery will terminate into the __________ palmar arch.

Superficial

Which artery is considered the predominant source of blood flow to the hand?

Ulnar artery

Label the arteries of the hand.

1. Radial artery

2. Common digital arteries

3. Superficial palmar arch

4. Deep palmar arch

5. Ulnar artery

The superficial palmar arch will consist of:

1. The distal portion of the _______ artery.

2. A branch of the ______ artery.

3. It will course along the ______ of the hand.

1. Ulnar

2. Radial

3. Back

The deep palmar arch will consist of:

1. The distal portion of the _______ artery.

2. The deep palmar branch of the ______ artery.

3. It will course along the ______ of the hand.

1. Radial

2. Ulnar

3. Palm

1. The digital arteries arise from the…

2. The digital arteries extend into the…

3. The digital arteries divide into _______ and _______ branches.

1. Palmar arches

2. Fingers

3. Lateral, Medial

Label the upper extremity arterials that are crossed out.

1. Axillary artery

2. Brachial artery

3. Radial artery

4. Ulnar artery

Label the upper extremity arterials that are crossed out.

5. Radial artery

6. Superficial palmar arch

7. Deep palmar arch

8. Ulnar artery