Industrialism US history K level review

what were the 4 factors that allowed the US to industrialize

natural resources, large work force, free enterprise, new inventions

How did america´s growing population impact industry during the Gilded ages?

It provided a larger work force and an increased demand for goods

As the US became the worlds leading industrial nation, people migrated from areas (farms) to __ areas (cities)

rural, urban

Why is the Industrial Era called the Gilded Ages?

The standard of living had improved and the economy was good but there were social problems and political corruption

Who are entrepreneurs?

They are people who risk their own capital (money) to start new businesses

How did entrepreneurs help the US industrialize?

They created new jobs and boosted mass production, and created new business models like corporations, monopolies, and trusts.

Corporations?

Businesses owned by stock or share holders.

Monopolies

One company controls an entire industry because only one is selling it.

Trusts

Two or more companies work together to make monopolies

What are the advantages of all of these business models?

What does it mean to be a ¨captain of industry¨

Entrepreneurs who get rich in a honest way like treating your workers fairly, and giving them livable wage.

What did it mean to be a robber baron?

An entrepreneurs who exploits and doesnt get rich in an honorable way

What beliefs did Andrew Carnegie express in his essay The Gospel of Wealth?

The rich were chosen by god and they should do gods work and give back to the poor

What is philanthropy?

The making of charitable donations or giving back to the poor.

What are some example of how Andrew Carnegie practice philanthropy and the gospel of wealth?

Founded over 2,500 libraries and supported education as well as the arts through the carnegie corporation.

What were the benefits of mass transits?

It created more flexibility in where people live and work

What was the Bessemer process?

It was a way to cheaply mass produce steel.

How did the Bessemer Process help us industrialize?

It allowed for the construction of sky scrapers and bridges.

Who invented the lightbulb?

Thomas Edison

How did the lightbulb help us industrialize?

It increased production because they factories could work after dark.

Who invented the telephone?

Alexander Graham Bell

How did the telephone help us industrialize?

Made it faster and easier for businesses to connect and it boosted efficienct and growth

What is urbanization?

the growth of cities

definition of push factors

Things that cause people to leave their country

What are pull factors?

They are reasons that attract immigrants to a new country.

Examples of push factors

war, corrupted government, political oppression, disease, poverty, famine

Examples of pull factors

Jobs, Freedom, food

Differences of Old immigrants

came before industrialization, from north west europe, speak english, protestant, able to read, are farmers

Differences of New immigrants

came after industrialization, from southeast europe and south, non english speakers, illiterate in english, catholic or jew, factory worker

assimilate

adapt to majority culture

What was the americanization movement?

An attempt to assimilate new immigrants by teaching english, US history, governmetn and customes

What is the settlement house movement?

they offered english classes, child care, job training, and health care in order to americanize new immigrants

The most famous settlement house was called and it was founded in __ by ___

The Hull house, Chicago, John Addams

What is nativism?

Belief that people born in america are superior and believed that immigration should be limited

How is the treatment of the Irish an example of nativism?

They were discriminated against for being catholic instead of protestant

What was the reason given for the passage of the chinese exclusion act?

Americans felt like chinese immigrants were stealing their jobs.

How did the chinese exclusion act impact businesses that relied on chinese labor?

Production slowed down and costs went up

Describe tenements

An overcrowded cheap one room apartment

What was Tin Pan Alley and what impact did it have on american music?

A sheet music publication district were jazz, blues, and rag time blended to create early pop music

What were political machines?

a group led by powerful party boss that controls the local city government

How did steel contribute to industrialization?

The bessemer process would allow us to build sky scrapers and bridges

How did transportation help us industrialize?

People could live further away from their jobs

who was the boss for tammany hall?

william "boss" tweed

discuss tammany hall and boss tweed

It was a democratic political machine, He was the corrupt leader of tammany hall

How did political machines gain votes?

They would offer jobs, housing, and other assistance to immigrants and the poor in exchange for their vote

describe working conditions during the gilded age

long hours, low wages, unsafe working conditions

what happened in the triangle shirtwaist factory

There was a large fire started Americans over 100 workers.

What was the impact of the triangle shirtwaist factory?

Owners/managers were responsible for their employees. door open outward, more exits, automatic sprinklers, and fire alarms

Discuss the formation of labor unions like the kings of labor and the AFL

labor union were started by workers who were trying to get better working conditions

How did union members attempt to negotiate for better working conditions

Knights of labor: boycotts and arbitration (using a neutral third party to help you come to an agreement with your employers.

AFL: preferred negotiations but used strikes when necessary

How did employers react to the formation of labor unions?

1. required workers to sign oaths saying they wouldnt join unions

2. blacklisted (if you were caught in a union your name would be put on a list and you wouldnt be able to get a job)

3. lockouts (workers were locked out of jobs and werent paid until they left the union)