Carl Roger- Self-Actualization

client-centered therapy

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.)

formative tendency

tendency in all matter to evolve from simpler to more complex forms

actualizing tendency

tendency within all people to move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials

Only motive people possess

actualization

maintenance need

relates to the feelings of group members and their relationships to one another

enhancement

need for enhancement is seen in peoples willingness to learn

self-actualization

refers to the tendency to actualize the self as perceived in awareness. (Subset of actualization tendency)

2 self subsystems

self-concept and the ideal self.

self-concept

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"

the ideal self

one's perception of whom one should be or would like to be

levels of awareness (Rogers)

1.external stimulus (ignored and denied) 2. experiences that accurately symbolize our self-structure 3. experiences that are perceived in a distorted form

Ignored (Awareness)

some stimulus of light and sounds are ignored because of a busy environment

Denied (Awareness): Example

A mother who never wanted children becomes overly concerned for her children (out of guilt). Resentment is hidden (denied) for years

Positive Self-Regard (Rogers)

the condition under which we grant ourselves acceptance and approval

Source of positive self-regard

positive regard from others

Conditions of Worth (Rogers)

expectations or standards we believe others place on us

Incongruence (Rogers)

the perception of discrepancies between organismic self, self-concept, and ideal self

organismic self

according to Rogers, the original (real) self that strives towards positive goals until it is influenced by society.

Greater incongruence makes vulnerability...

greater

Is Vulnerability conscious or unconcious?

Unconscious

perceived anxiety and threat comes from?

when we are aware we of incongruence

Two chief defended

Distortion, denial

Disorganization happens when...

defenses fail

distortion (rogers)

modification of a threatening experience so it is no longer threatening

denial (rogers)

refusal to allow threatening experiences to enter awareness

Psychotherapy conditions (3)

counsellor congruence, unconditional positive-regard, empathy

congruence involves... (3)

feelings, awareness, expression

Incongruence arises from... (2)

1. breakdown between feelings and awareness

2. breakdown between awareness and expression

unconditional positive-regard

according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

Stages of therapeutic change (7)

1. unwillingness to communicate anything

2. clients become less rigid

3. clients talk more freely

4. talk about past and future deep feelings

5. express feelings in the present

6. dramatic growth towards fully functioning person

7. "the person of tomorrow"

The person of tomorrow

the psychologically healthy individual in the process of evolving into all that he or she can become

fully functioning person

a person who is in touch with and trusting of the deepest, innermost urges and feelings

Basic outcomeof person-centred therapy

congruent client who is less defensive and more open to experience

The chicago studies

clients who received no therapy received no psychological growth

Q-Sort Technique (Rogers)

Method Rogers used to determine how a client's self-image changed as a function of therapy.

organismic valuing process

the process by which we judge experiences in terms of their value for fostering or hindering our actualization and growth

Development of the self comes from ...

unconditioned positive regard

conditional positive self-regard

Accepting and respecting oneself only if one satisfies the introjected standards of significant others (conditions of worth), even though these run counter to the actualizing tendency.

Characteristics of a fully functioning person (3)

aware of all experience, in a state of "self-actualizing", self-directed

self-concept includes... (3)

self-esteem, self-image, ideal self