Genetics Practical 1

e. coli full name

escherichia coli

what is e. coli

rod shaped bacteria found in the lower intestine of warm blooded animals

why do we use aseptic/sterile techniques

so we do not contaminate and risk messing up our results

streaking

method of spreading out bacteria

how do we label our plates

name, organism, date

why do we dilute

to be able to see and count bacteria more easily

LB plate is control because…

everything can grow on there

LB + amp is used

to see which bacteria is amp resistant

beta-lactamase

an enzyme that breaks apart bacteria cell wall and is the reason why something won’t grow on LB + amp

yeast is

unicellular, eukaryotic, saccaromyces cerevisiae, and has 16 chromosomes

YED

have different nutrients

H

haploid

A

a mating type

B

alpha mating type

O

wild type (No mutation)

1

ade1 mutation

ade1 mutation has a…

r1R2 genotype

T

can grow in tryptophan

t

cannot grow in tryptophan

HBO

haploid, alpha mating type, wild type

HB2

haploid, alpha mating type, ade2 mutant,

HAT

haploid, a mating type, grows in tryptophan

MVA plate

media that lacks important nutrients, certain yeast strains can’t grow here

two recessive alleles =

no growth

MVA lacks

tryptophan

caenorhabditis elegans

they are microscopic soil roundworms that fall under the nematode family

Wild type C. elegans

N2

c. elegans are a good model system

have soft transparent outer layer, adults have many cells, very small, can self fertilize, can cross fertilize, 3 day life cycle

has rare males that provide variety

true

embryogenesis

proliferation and morphogenesis

L1

begin to generate neurons, somatic gonad, and precursors divide

Between L1 and L2

first molting

L2

germ cell expansion, gonads begin to elongate

between L2 and L3

second molting

L3

cells that form the gonadal sheaths, the spermathecae and the uterus are produced

between L3 and L4

third molting

L4

meiosis begins, germ cells differentiate

adult

egg production

c. elegans food source

e. coli

dpy11

encodes for an enzyme

bli1

encodes for collagen

penetrance

percent of affected individuals

expressivity

how “strong” the phenotype is

N2

name of wild-type strain

c. elegans have

959 somatic cells

c. elegans grow on

an OP50 strain of E. coli

bli. (blistered)

doesn’t shed

dumpy

dpy

you either have it or you don’t

dumpy

TRC

total ridge count

where is the bacteria collected from

cheek cells

polymerase chain reaction

denature, anneal, elongate

denature

breaks apart double stranded DNA

Anneal

forward and reverse primers bind to DNA

Elongate

DNA is synthesized during the template strand RNA and primers

PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

laboratory technique used to amplify DNA which exponentially increases since each cycle doubles amount of DNA

PTC

attaches to bitter taste receptors

VNTR

variable number tandem repeats

primer was either

VP or VT

master mix

everything else that is needed (polymerase, nucleotides)