Homology and Analogy

morphological

visible anatomical traits

homology

trait that is present in two groups because it was present in a common ancestor and maintained over time is a

analogy

a trait that is not present in a common ancestor of two groups but evolved independently (as a result of convergent evolution) in two groups is an

convergent evolution

natural selection promoting similar adaptations in unrelated taxa subject to similar environmental conditions.

when does convergent evolution happen

It occurs when organisms evolve similar traits independently as a result of living in similar environments and being subject to similar selective pressures.

A trait that _ in two groups because of common ancestry is a homology. A trait that _ in the common ancestor and evolved independently in two groups is an analogy.

is not present; is not present

is not present; is present

is present; is not present

is present; is present

is present; is not present

evolutionary biologists place traits on tress to indicate when the traits evolved. How many traits have been placed on this tree?

zero

one

two

four

six or more

six or more

evolutionary biologists place traits on tress to indicate when the traits evolved. Traits that are visible anatomical traits, such as having hollow cylindrical feathers , are referred to as _ traits.

developmental

morphological

molecular

morphological

a trait that was present in the common ancestor of two groups and has been maintained or modified over time is a homology. Which labeled marker represents a trait that is homologous in eoraptors and allosaurids?

A
B
C

A

a trait that was present in the common ancestor of two groups and has been maintained or modified over time is a homology, and a trait that is not in the common ancestor but evolved independently in two groups by convergent evolution is an analogy. Which of the trait(s) listed here is/are homologous in tyrannosaurids and oviraptorosaurs? select all that apply.

four digits in hands

no traits are homologous

long arms

tufted feathers

four digits in hands and tufted feathers

the amniotic edd is a(n) _ trait because it is a trait that evolved once in the common ancestor of sauropsids and mammals.

analogous

homologous

homologous

the wing is a(n) _ trait because it evolved independently in birds and bats (mammals) and was not present in their common ancestor.

analogous

homologous

analogous

multicellularity in a(n) _ trait because it is a trait of porifera, bilaterians, and cnidarians and their common ancestor.

analogous

homologous

homologous

analogous traits evolve more than once independently in different groups. homologous traits evolve once in the common ancestor and are maintained. Which of these statements are true? Select all that apply.

lungs are an analogous trait of lungfish and salamanders.

walking legs are a homologous trait of tetrapods.

four-chambered heart is an analogous trait of birds and mammals.

walking legs are a homologous trait of tetrapods and four-chambered heart is an analogous trait of birds and mammals

complex multicellularity is a(n) _ trait of some of the organisms on this tree.

analogous

homologous

analogous

regular septa is a(n) _ trait of the Dikarya group.

analogous

homologous

homologous

the segmented, legged body of tardigrades, onychophorans, and arthropods is a(n) their trait because it was present in

analogous; convergent ancestor

homologous; common ancestor

homologous; convergent ancestor

analogous; common ancestor

homologous; common ancestor