NSB High School Biology Samples (Set 12)

Biology - Multiple Choice In which of the following organelles does transcription NOT occur?

W) Nucleus

X) Peroxisome

Y) Chloroplast

Z) Mitochondrion

X) PEROXISOME

Biology - Short Answer A commonly-used method of classifying animals is to find a shared ancestral characteristic and use it to group organisms as either within the group or outside the group. Identify all of the following three animals that are inside the group for the hinged jaw characteristic: 1) Lamprey; 2) Turtle; 3) Bass.

2 AND 3

Biology - Multiple Choice Which of the following human proteins, when fully assembled, contains exactly four subunits?

W) Actin

X) Myoglobin

Y) Thrombin

Z) Hemoglobin

Z) HEMOGLOBIN

Biology - Short Answer Identify all of the following three molecules that should be able to pass through a nuclear pore in a eukaryotic cell: 1) mRNA; 2) Glucose-1-phosphate; 3) Histone.

ALL

Biology - Short Answer Identify all of the following three molecules that catalyze the chemical digestion of food: 1) Amylase [AM-ill-ace]; 2) Bile acids; 3) Insulin.

1

Biology - Short Answer Identify all of the following three organisms that are deuterostomes [DOO-tur-ah-stomes]: 1) Jellyfish; 2) Humans; 3) Sea cucumbers.

2 AND 3

Biology - Short Answer Glucagon [GLUE-kah-gon] is primarily manufactured in the alpha cells of what human organ?

PANCREAS

Biology - Short Answer A molecular biologist wishes to move a section of DNA from one plasmid to another. After cutting the first plasmid with restriction enzymes and isolating the band of DNA of interest, she mixes together the second, already-cleaved plasmid and the DNA of interest. What enzyme must she add to finish incorporating the gene into the plasmid?

LIGASE (ACCEPT: DNA LIGASE, RECOMBINASE)

Biology - Multiple Choice Beadle and Tatum's one gene-one enzyme hypothesis was formed from the results of their investigation of which of the following biological processes?

W) Operon inhibition

X) Amino acid biosynthesis

Y) DNA replication

Z) Limited proteolysis

X) AMINO ACID BIOSYNTHESIS

Biology - Short Answer Identify all of the following three plant nutrients that are required for the light reactions of photosynthesis to occur: 1) Iron; 2) Nickel; 3) Molybdenum [muh-LIB-den-um].

1

Biology - Short Answer Sand dollars belong to what phylum [FYE-lum]?

ECHINODERMATA

Biology - Short Answer Identify all of the following three statements that are true regarding

polysaccharides:

1) Cellulose microfibrils are unbranched;

2) Glycogen granules are unbranched;

3) Amylopectin granules are unbranched.

1

Biology - Short Answer In order for tropomyosin [troh-poh-MY-oh-sin] to be removed from the myosin-binding sites on actin, troponin [TROH-poh-nin] must bind to what second messenger?

CALCIUM (ACCEPT: CALCIUM TWO PLUS)

Biology - Short Answer Cerebrospinal [seh-REE-broh-SPY-nul] fluid is produced by ependymal cells that line what brain cavities?

VENTRICLES (ACCEPT: LATERAL VENTRICLE, FOURTH VENTRICLE)

Biology - Short Answer Before amino acids can be used in translation, the free amino acid must be bonded to what class of molecules?

tRNA

Biology - Short Answer Certain plants have leaves in which bundle-sheath cells are tightly packed around veins, which are then surrounded by mesophyll [MEH-zoh-fill] cells. This anatomy is associated with plants that perform what type of photosynthesis?

C4 (ACCEPT: HATCH-SLACK PATHWAY, HATCH-SLACK CYCLE)

Biology - Short Answer Under limited nutrient conditions Bacillus [bah-SIL-us] subtilis [SUB-dil-iss] initiates a morphological change, notably documented by Robert Koch [coke], that results in the formation of what structure?

ENDOSPORE (ACCEPT: SPORE)

Biology - Short Answer What is the term for phages [FAY-jiz] that can reproduce using both the lytic [LIH-tik] and lysogenic [lye-soh-JEN-ik] cycle?

TEMPERATE

Biology - Short Answer Identify all of the following three Linnaean [lin-AY-in] classifications that apply to the leopard:

1) Carnivora

2) Chordata

3) Canidae

1 AND 2

Biology - Short Answer Identify all of the following three organisms that are part of the phylum [FYE-lum] Coniferophyta [kaw-nif-er-AW-fih-tah]:

1) Sequoia;

2) Orchid;

3) Douglas fir.

1 AND 3

Biology - Short Answer In the citric acid cycle, how many molecules of NADH are generated from the conversion of citrate to isocitrate?

ZERO

Biology - Short Answer What plant hormone, which can be synthesized by almost all known plants, is responsible for stomatal closure during dry stress?

ABSCISIC ACID (ACCEPT: ABA)

Biology - Multiple Choice Bacteria at deep sea vents obtain energy by oxidizing hydrogen sulfide. They would be classified as which of the following?

W) Photoautotrophic

X) Chemoautotrophic

Y) Photoheterotrophic

Z) Chemoheterotrophic

X) CHEMOAUTOTROPHIC

Short Answer Human vision occurs due to the photoisomerization [photo-eye-saw-mer-ihZAY-shun] of what molecule?

RETINAL (ACCEPT: RETINALDEHYDE, DO NOT ACCEPT: RETINOL - if you can tell the difference)

Biology - Multiple Choice What is the function of the operculum [oh-PURR-kyoo-lum] in fish?

W) Propulsion

X) Protection of gills

Y) Sensing predators

Z) Decreasing drag when swimming

X) PROTECTION OF GILLS

Biology - Short Answer What is the percent probability that a child inherits a mitochondrial [my-towKON-dree-ul] disorder from her father?

0

Biology - Short Answer What animal phylum [FYE-lum] has the greatest number of identified species?

ARTHROPODA

Biology - Multiple Choice Which of the following is not a characteristic of paedomorphic [ped-ohMOOR-fik] amphibians?

W) Delayed sexual maturity

X) Aquatic life

Y) External gills

Z) Tadpole-like tail

W) DELAYED SEXUAL MATURITY

Biology - Short Answer Mast cells are responsible for releasing what important signaling molecule that triggers vasodilation [vay-zoh-dye-LAY-shun] and inflammation?

HISTAMINE

Biology - Short Answer In order for an animal to be classified as a coelomate [SEEL-oh-mate], it must have a body cavity that is completely lined with tissue from what germ layer?

MESODERM

Biology - Short Answer What is the term for infections or diseases that are naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans?

ZOONOSES (ACCEPT: ZOONOTIC)

Biology - Short Answer: Identify all of the following three plants that associate parasitically with other plants:

1) Vanilla;

2) Mistletoe;

3) Venus flytrap.

2

Biology - Short Answer What structures at the ends of eukaryotic [YOU-care-ee-AW-tic] chromosomes prevent their degradation?

TELOMERES

Biology - Multiple Choice In DNA replication, which of the following components is necessary for the synthesis of the lagging strand but not the leading strand?

W) Helicase [HEEL-ih-case]

X) Ligase [LYE-gase]

Y) Primase

Z) Single-strand binding proteins

X) LIGASE

Biology - Short Answer The neurons found in humans require nourishment from supporting cells known as what?

GLIA (ACCEPT: NEUROGLIA, GLIAL CELLS)

Biology - Short Answer In land plants, what is the term for the male gametangia [gam-ih-TAN-jeeah]?

ANTHERIDIA (ACCEPT: ANTHERIDIUM)

Biology - Short Answer One common method of cloning DNA is incorporating a small loop of DNA containing the gene of interest into E. coli [ee COLE-eye]. What is the term for these small loops?

PLASMIDS

Biology - Short Answer Insulin is secreted by what structures in the pancreas?

ISLETS OF LANGERHANS (ACCEPT: BETA CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS, PANCREATIC ISLETS, BETA CELLS)

Biology - Short Answer Deficiency of what vitamin is linked to the connective-tissue disorder scurvy?

VITAMIN C

Biology - Short Answer Identify all of the following three statements that are true of eukaryotic [YOU-care-ee-AW-tic] cell structures:

1) The cilia [SILL-ee-ah] has a characteristic 9 plus 2 arrangement of microtubules [micro-TUBE-yules];

2) Lysosomes [LYE-soh-sohms]are responsible for assembling ribosomes;

3) The endoplasmic reticulum [reh-TIK-yoo-lum] plays a role in synthesizing lipids.

1 AND 3

Biology - Multiple Choice A plant loses the greatest amount of water through what structures?

W) Root cuticle

X) Leaf cuticle

Y) Lenticels

Z) Stomata

Z) STOMATA

Biology - Multiple Choice A flower that has four stamens, one pistil, four petals, and no sepals

would be considered which of the following?

W) Complete

X) Incomplete

Y) Monoecious

Z) Imperfect

X) INCOMPLETE

Biology - Short Answer What cluster of electrically active cells in the human heart sets the rate at which all cardiac muscle cells contract?

SINOATRIAL NODE (ACCEPT: SA NODE)

Biology - Multiple Choice Which of the following fossils is representative of the transition from fish to tetrapods?

W) Tiktaalik [tik-TAH-lik]

X) Archaeopteryx [ark-ee-AWP-tur-ix]

Y) Megazosrodon [mega-ZAWS-roh-don]

Z) Ambulocetus [am-byoo-loh-SEE-tus]

W) TIKTAALIK

Biology - Short Answer Pneumatophores [new-MAT-ah-forz] and beets are modified versions of what plant organ?

ROOTS

Biology - Short Answer What molecule, when present in small quantities in the cell membrane, increases fluidity at low temperatures and decreases fluidity at high temperatures?

CHOLESTEROL

Biology - Short Answer In what organelle does the Calvin cycle occur?

CHLOROPLAST

Biology - Short Answer In humans, the inactive X chromosome condenses into a compact structure called what?

BARR BODY

Biology - Multiple Choice Chlorophyll a and b most strongly absorb which of the following colors of light?

W) Red

X) Yellow

Y) Green

Z) Blue

Z) BLUE

Biology - Short Answer Identify all of the following three groups of plants that have nitrogen-fixing root nodules:

1) Peanuts;

2) Soybean;

3) Alfalfa.

ALL

Biology - Short Answer What is the term for paired chromosomes that carry genes controlling the same set of inherited characteristics?

HOMOLOGS (ACCEPT: HOMOLOGOUS)

Biology - Short Answer Calcitonin [kal-sih-TOE-nin] and CGRP are different proteins that originate from the same gene due to alternative actions in what process?

SPLICING (ACCEPT: mRNA SPLICING)

Biology - Short Answer Sickle cell anemia is an example of heterozygote [hetero-ZYE-goat] advantage because it protects against what disease?

MALARIA

Biology - Short Answer What type of neuron is responsible for relaying information between other neurons?

INTERNEURONS (ACCEPT: RELAY NEURON, INTERMEDIATE NEURON)

Biology - Multiple Choice In the Griffith experiment, nonpathogenic bacteria were found to be able to cause disease after being exposed to heat-killed virulent bacteria. Which of the following substances caused this transformation?

W) Toxins

X) Proteins

Y) RNA

Z) DNA

Z) DNA

Biology - Short Answer What region of the human eye retina [REHT-nah] has the highest density of photoreceptors?

FOVEA (ACCEPT: FOVEA CENTRALIS)

Biology - Multiple Choice Which of the following best describes the result of the first step of glycolysis [glye-KAWL-eh-sis] in a fibroblast?

Z) GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE CAN NO LONGER EXIT THE CELL

Biology - Short Answer In the Krebs cycle, oxidation steps of cycle intermediates are coupled with what type of reaction that reduces the number of carbons in the intermediates?

DECARBOXYLATION (ACCEPT: OXIDATIVE DECARBOXYLATION)

Biology - Short Answer What specific quantity on a reaction diagram does the addition of an enzyme change?

ACTIVATION ENERGY (ACCEPT: TRANSITION STATE ENERGY)

Biology - Multiple Choice One purpose of fermentation is to regenerate which of the following reagents?

W) NADH

X) NAD+

Y) FADH2

Z) FAD

X) NAD+

Biology - Short Answer What plant hormones regulate cell division in the shoots and roots and are generally synthesized in the roots?

CYTOKININS

Biology - Short Answer Identify all of the following four mutations that could result from a singlenucleotide substitution:

1) Silent;

2) Missense;

3) Nonsense;

4) Frameshift.

1, 2, AND 3