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title of books
The Hobbit
The Fellowship of the Ring
authors of the book
JRR Tolkien
info about author and when he is writing the books
the hobbit- 1937
Fellowship- 1954
written during times of war/ depression
Oxford professor at the same time as CS Lewis
old english literature
Made up languages for the story
wrote immersive fantasy- only secondary world
Different from Narnia and Alice in Wonderland
No portal fiction used: secondary world is the only place there is
They live in hobbit holes in the hobbit
Special species (hobbits)
Tolkien draws the 1st maps
Alice by herself on adventure there was like 15-16 of them in this
Pack of companions
Animals in narnia and alice in wonderland speak english here that's not the case
Animals there might as well be people here they act more like animals
Similar from Narnia and Alice in Wonderland and us
Hobbits are like us in the fact that they live in a comfortable house, they use chairs, they like comfort, don't like unexpected visitors, love to eat
Hear a lot about food
Adventure/ a journey
Small protagonists -> childlike characters/ someone a kid can identify with
Magic
Wizard (gandalf in hobbit and corikin in narnia)
Dragons
Journey in quest form
Go retrive the gold that belonged to the dwarf thorin from under the mountain have to take it from the dragon
Token of power
bilbo baggins
main character
protagonist
thief
at first was reluctant to go on the journey then he becomes the hero
Hobbits:
short and fat, they are generous and have good hospitality skills, a lot of eating, they are intelligent, they drink wine tea beer, don't have beards and distinguishes them from the dwarfs and they are a bit shorter, no have to wear shoes bc hairy leathery feet, enjoy finer things in life
wear colorful clothes
Dwarves;
a little bigger than the hobbits, seem to always be males, always have beards, they mine for gold and silver, they live in the mountains, love gold
gandalf
wizard
good guy
magic powers
helps them on their quest
Bert bill and tom
are trolls
Bad guys, bald and big/fat and stupid, lot of strength
Elrond,
the great chief elf, who is “as strong as a warrior, as wise as a wizard, as venerable as a king of dwarves, and as kind as summer.”
can interprut the marking on the weapons and the map
thorin oakenshield
The leader of the dwarves who embark on the treasure quest in Chapter 2, Thorin is in many ways a typical member of his race: brave, stubborn, proud, and greedy for gold.
Thorin is not a true leader: he is incapable of formulating a plan, makes hasty and poor decisions, and generally relies on Bilbo to see him through his adventures, all the while treating Bilbo like an insignificant underling. Once Thorin gets his hands on Smaug’s treasure, he becomes irrationally greedy and obsessed with wealth, to the extent that he would rather wage a violent war than give the men from Lake Town their fair share of the treasure. Thorin is partially redeemed by his dying apology to Bilbo, but not even this act of remorse can fully redeem him.
gollum
immediately presents a sense of mystery; his origins are unclear, his speech patterns are very distinct, his obsession with his ring is fanatical and troubled, and even his species is unknown. Gollum appears capable of a more human or hobbit-like logic, as he opting for a riddle-telling challenge rather than something like brute combat.
half fish half human slippery thing
had the ring for a very long time and he called it my precious
beorn
half man half bear
lives outside of murkwood
Beorn tells them not to go off the path but they don't listen to this and they go off the path
stayed at his house for a while
smaug
big dragon who guards the treasure at the lonely mountains
He is both the guardian of the treasure that Thorin’s company wishes to reclaim, and is himself a weapon capable of wreaking havoc on Lake Town, which prompts the large-scale battle following his defeat. Even Smaug’s weakness is not a character defect, but rather is a single gap in his armor-like scales, a contrast to Thorin’s weakness, which is his greed.
bilbo tricked him
bard kills human
Bard
is brave and good and he takes over the leadership role
bard protects the lake town and he kills smaug
eventually becomes
Bard got gold greedy and took most of the gold and ran away but he died of starvation in the waste deserted by his friends
balin
dwarf
thrush
helps bilbo open the door to smaugs house
tells the people of lake town about the weak spot on smaug
general plot summary
gandalf comes to visit bilbo’s home he wants him to go on an adventure at first bilbo says no then a bunch of people show up the next day at bilbo’s house and after talking for a while bilbo decides to go on the quest as the thief. The quest is to get back thorin’s treasure that was stolen from him by smaug. deal with trolls go to rivendale long journey to the lonely mountains on this journey bilbo encounters gollum and earns the ring from him. arrive at the lonely mountains bilbo taunts smaug and steals treasure from him smaug figures out the people of the lake town have something to do with this he goes to fight them. this allows for bilbo to sneak in and all of them to get the treasure. at lake town bard kills smaug. the people of lake town town is destroyed they ask for a part of the gold to help rebuild. and the elves want some too. thorin is greedy and says no. they fight all fight against the goblins who come back. thorin dies and appologizes to bilbo. they share the treasure. bilbo only took a little bit
quest
retrieve the gold that belonged to the dwarves that is under the mountain
immeserive fantasy
they start in the secondary world and their is no mention of the primary world
High fantasy vs. low fantasy
High fantasy- takes place in a secondary world and big/heroic things are going to be happening
Low fantasy- set in the primary world with fantasy elements coming in a lot funnier, or make a secondary world but treat it funny
Wrongness, Thinning, Crisis, Regeneration
Wrongness (something has gone wrong: you can't put your finger on it but you know it is there) -> thinning (specific examples of what is going wrong) -> crisis (where plot reaches its climax where the quest will either succeed or fail: crisis is solved by some great hero or someone who just got dragged into this) -> regeneration (you put things back as the way they were before the wrongness)
thinning
Thinning – the physical manifestation that proves that wrongness is actually happening: can take a number of forms
Failing of good magic – comments about how elves used to be powerful but they aren't as strong as they used to be
The departure of the good from the land- you see elves leaving middle earth they are going to the great harbor and they are leaving middle earths
Literally seeing a character fade: under a spell
Dark lord is one of the first things to start thinning out
wrongness
the dark lord causes the wrongness aka sauron
thinning
departure of the good from the land
elves leaving middle earth
crisis
is frodo taking the ring to mount doom or not
regeneration
the ending→ we are not sure of but everything should work out ok
Eucatastrophe
(= "happy ending," Tolkien's invented word) - the end of the plot: good ending
Tragic parabola-
Comic parabola-
tragic- where you end up worse than where you began and then you end up dead
comic-there might be a bit iffy times and things might be bad in the middle but then things end well
quest: for the fellowship
Destroy the ring
bilbo
not as important here
he has the ring orginally but it is causing him thinning
frodo
hero of the story/ main character
sauron
dark lord antagonist evil
if he gets the ring he will take over the world and be unstoppable
the 9 ring wraiths
got 9 rings of power from sauron and they were humans but they underwent thinning
now wear dark robes and ride on horse
evil and trying to get the ring from frodo to give to sauron
sam
frodo’s garderner
heroic
hobbit
helps frodo on his quest
gandalf
helps out the fellowship and tells them they must get rid of the ring into mount doom
merry and pippin
hobbits
also help out frodo a part of the fellowship
tom bombadil
super old
ring has no effect on him
power to control nature (the trees and weather)
rescued them from the trees and the barrows
strider/ aragorn
human
heir of isildur
he is supposed to be the king
heroic and a leader
elron
elf king
council of elron
boromir
from gandor
human
kinda a good guy
helps with the journey but he also wants to take the ring and use it for good the ring is corrupting him
he tries to take the ring from frodo
dies to make up for his sin
his family is the caretakers of the throne that aragorn is supposed to be on
Minas Tirith
Legolas
elf
elves and the dwarves hate each other
glonin
at the council of elron
ginli’s dad
dwarves
ginli
dwarve
part of the fellowship
glonin’s son
Saruman
bad wizard
sided with sauron
wants the power
put gandalf on top of the tower
eagles
rescue gandalf from the tower
gollum
smaller here and a lot less powerful since he doesn’t have the ring
he follows the fellowship around
orcs and balrog
bad guys attack the fellowship
balrog is firey and had a whip and a sword
kills gandalf
celeborn and galdriel
elves live in lothlorien
galdriel has one of the elven rings of power
lets sam and frodo look in her mirror
mount doom
must throw the ring in
who is in the fellowship
Hobbits: frodo, sam, merry and pippin
Dwarves: ginli
Wizards: gandalf
Elves: legolas
Men: Aragorn and boromir
for plot summary look at sparknotes
book 2 and the wars
Book 2 –tolkien writing this during ww2 thinking about the dark forces taking over and the idea that this had happened before (ww1) didn't want it to be an allegory but similar to sauron who took over once before