BJU World Studies Chapter 5

Mayor of the Palace

Leading Palace official

476 AD

Western Roman Empire had fallen

Pepin II

Father of Charles Martel

Charlemagne

Title meaning "Charles the Great"

Manor

Estate where Noblemen lived

Greco-Roman knowledge

Preserved by the Roman Church

Monasteries

Centers of western knowledge

Leo I

First to receive the title of pope (papa)

Huns

Convinced by Leo I not to destroy Rome

Gregory I

First pope to claim supremacy over all other Christians.

Nicholas I

Claimed the pope was supreme of the church and state

Gregory VII

Forced a German monarch to submit to him or lose his crown

Pope Innocent III

Power of the papacy (pope) peaked during his reign

Vicar of Christ

Title taken by Pope Innocent III in 13th Century

Heresy

False teaching

Towns

Places of opportunity (grew along trade routes)

Medieval Warm Period

11th Century warming of climate in Europe (allowed farmers to grow more)

Middle Ages

European history from 5th to 15th century

Town Charter

Legal document listing the privileges of townspeople and freeing them from feudal duty.

William the Conquereror

Conquered England in 1066 (established the Norman dynasty)

Henry II

Expanded royal authority through use of royal courts

Circuit courts

Judges hear cases in a specific province (circuit)

Count Hugh Capet

Founder of Capetian dynasty in France

Jews falsely blamed for this

Black Death Plague

Phillip II

Seized English controlled land in France

Baillis (bailiffs)

Collected taxes for King Phillip II

Resulted in France's strong and stable monarchy

Passing the crown down to sons from generation to generation

Jury

Group of local citizens who accused criminals

Indictments

A list of accusations made by a jury

Common Law

Law developed by justices sent out by King Henry II. (overruled local law)

Magna Carta (great charter)

Document signed by King John for the nobles assuring their rights

Parliament

Group of advisors to the King developed during the reign of Edward I

Two groups in Parliament

House of Lords (prominent group of vassals)
House of Commons (knights/leading citizens, less prominent)

Power of the Purse

Power gained by Parliament by withholding approval of the King's new taxes

Venice

Large city located on the Adriatic Sea

Great Council

Republican form of government that ruled Venice

Interdict

People are denied access to most sacraments by the church. (Venice placed under this discipline twice)

Crusades

Failed efforts to liberate the Holy Land from Islam ordered byPope Urban II

Bank

From Italian word "banca" meaning bench

Letter of Credit

Letter given to merchant after an amount of money was left with banker.

Reconquista

regaining control of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain)

1492

Year Ferdinand II and Isabella I took control of Granada, ending Muslim rule in Portugal and Spain.

Chivalry

Strict set of rules followed by Knights

Peace of God

Decree that placed church property out of bounds for fighting.

Truce of God

restricted fighting to certain days of the week

Universities

Concept introduced by European culture in 12th century

Cathedral

Large church built by the wealthy

Romanesque

Architectural style during the Middle Ages characterized by rounded vaults and thick walls.

Flying Buttresses

External supports on a new style of building known as Gothic in the 13th century.

Language of Roman Empire

Latin

Vernacular

Common spoken language

Dante

Italian author who wrote Divine Comedy

Chaucer

English Poet who wrote The Canterbury Tales (story about medieval life in England)

Gothic Architecture

Characterized by higher ceilings, large windows, thinner walls

Hundred Years War

War fought between England and France

Great Famine of 1315

First calamity to strike large areas of Europe

Black Death Plague

Killed an estimated 25 million people in Europe