Studied by 44 people
Mayor of the Palace
Leading Palace official
476 AD
Western Roman Empire had fallen
Pepin II
Father of Charles Martel
Charlemagne
Title meaning "Charles the Great"
Manor
Estate where Noblemen lived
Greco-Roman knowledge
Preserved by the Roman Church
Monasteries
Centers of western knowledge
Leo I
First to receive the title of pope (papa)
Huns
Convinced by Leo I not to destroy Rome
Gregory I
First pope to claim supremacy over all other Christians.
Nicholas I
Claimed the pope was supreme of the church and state
Gregory VII
Forced a German monarch to submit to him or lose his crown
Pope Innocent III
Power of the papacy (pope) peaked during his reign
Vicar of Christ
Title taken by Pope Innocent III in 13th Century
Heresy
False teaching
Towns
Places of opportunity (grew along trade routes)
Medieval Warm Period
11th Century warming of climate in Europe (allowed farmers to grow more)
Middle Ages
European history from 5th to 15th century
Town Charter
Legal document listing the privileges of townspeople and freeing them from feudal duty.
William the Conquereror
Conquered England in 1066 (established the Norman dynasty)
Henry II
Expanded royal authority through use of royal courts
Circuit courts
Judges hear cases in a specific province (circuit)
Count Hugh Capet
Founder of Capetian dynasty in France
Jews falsely blamed for this
Black Death Plague
Phillip II
Seized English controlled land in France
Baillis (bailiffs)
Collected taxes for King Phillip II
Resulted in France's strong and stable monarchy
Passing the crown down to sons from generation to generation
Jury
Group of local citizens who accused criminals
Indictments
A list of accusations made by a jury
Common Law
Law developed by justices sent out by King Henry II. (overruled local law)
Magna Carta (great charter)
Document signed by King John for the nobles assuring their rights
Parliament
Group of advisors to the King developed during the reign of Edward I
Two groups in Parliament
House of Lords (prominent group of vassals) House of Commons (knights/leading citizens, less prominent)
Power of the Purse
Power gained by Parliament by withholding approval of the King's new taxes
Venice
Large city located on the Adriatic Sea
Great Council
Republican form of government that ruled Venice
Interdict
People are denied access to most sacraments by the church. (Venice placed under this discipline twice)
Crusades
Failed efforts to liberate the Holy Land from Islam ordered byPope Urban II
Bank
From Italian word "banca" meaning bench
Letter of Credit
Letter given to merchant after an amount of money was left with banker.
Reconquista
regaining control of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain)
1492
Year Ferdinand II and Isabella I took control of Granada, ending Muslim rule in Portugal and Spain.
Chivalry
Strict set of rules followed by Knights
Peace of God
Decree that placed church property out of bounds for fighting.
Truce of God
restricted fighting to certain days of the week
Universities
Concept introduced by European culture in 12th century
Cathedral
Large church built by the wealthy
Romanesque
Architectural style during the Middle Ages characterized by rounded vaults and thick walls.
Flying Buttresses
External supports on a new style of building known as Gothic in the 13th century.
Language of Roman Empire
Latin
Vernacular
Common spoken language
Dante
Italian author who wrote Divine Comedy
Chaucer
English Poet who wrote The Canterbury Tales (story about medieval life in England)
Gothic Architecture
Characterized by higher ceilings, large windows, thinner walls
Hundred Years War
War fought between England and France
Great Famine of 1315
First calamity to strike large areas of Europe
Black Death Plague
Killed an estimated 25 million people in Europe
Note
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