Lecture Notes on Motor Disorders and Socialization

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to neurodevelopmental and movement disorders, socialization, and motor skills.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)

A motor skills disorder characterized by significant and persistent difficulties in the acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills that interfere with activities of daily living and academic/leisure pursuits.

Cerebral Palsy (CP)

A group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood, caused by non-progressive damage to the developing brain.

Parkinson's Disease (PD)

A progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement, characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain and the accumulation of Lewy bodies.

Bradykinesia

Slowness of movement, a cardinal symptom of Parkinson's Disease.

Tremor

Involuntary shaking or trembling, often present in Parkinson's Disease.

Rigidity

Stiffness or resistance to movement, a symptom of Parkinson's Disease.

Postural Instability

Difficulty maintaining balance, a symptom of Parkinson's Disease.

Spasticity

Increased muscle tone or stiffness, a common characteristic of spastic Cerebral Palsy.

Dyskinesia

Involuntary, erratic movements, a characteristic of dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy and a potential side effect of Parkinson's medication.

Ataxia

Lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements, a characteristic of ataxic Cerebral Palsy.

Postural Stability

The ability to maintain the body in a stable position, relying on vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive input.

Sociocultural Constraints

Environmental constraints that involve pervasive group attitudes, values, and norms that influence the motor behaviors of individuals within the group.

Socialization

The process of learning through social interaction, which influences how and when individuals acquire movement and what activities they participate in.

Socializing Agents

Influential people who are considered to play a role in the socialization process, such as parents, siblings, peers, teachers, coaches, and caregivers.

Gender Typing

The process by which individuals acquire gender-appropriate behaviors, often influenced by societal attitudes and expectations regarding physical activities.

Self-Esteem

An individual's personal judgment of their own capability, significance, success, and worthiness.

Self-Concept

A person's perceptions of their traits, skills, and identity, formed through experience and interpretations of their environment.

Causal Attributions

The reasons people give for their successes and failures.

Perceived Motor Competence

An individual's perceived ability to perform motor skills.

Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS)

An assessment tool used to measure the level of self-initiated movement in children with Cerebral Palsy.

Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT)

An intervention used in individuals with neurological conditions, often involving restricting the movement of an unaffected limb to encourage the use of the affected limb.

Levodopa

A medication commonly used to treat the motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.

Lewy Bodies

Abnormal protein deposits found in the brain cells of individuals with Parkinson's Disease.