Fluid & Electrolytres

hyponatremia value

xyx

causes for hyponatremia

NG suction, wound drains, renal & heart failure, thiazide diuretics

signs of hyponatremia

muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, seizures, coma, pale skin, & dry mucous membranes

hypernatremia values

gsggs

hypernatremia causes

hyperaldosteroism, Cushing Syndrome, corticosteroids, acute kidney failure, diaetes insipidous

signs of hypernatremia

seziures, coma, hypereflexia, dry, sticky, mucous membranes

value for hypomagnesemia

< 1.5 mEq/L

hypomagnesemia causes

diruretic use, laxatives, steroids

signs of hypomagnesemia

ventricular dysrhytmias, - BP, heart block, digitalis toxicity

hypermagnesemia value

> 2.5 mEg/L

causes of hypermagnesemia

excessive intake of Mg salts, laxatives, antacids

signs of hypermagnesemia

confusion/coma [CNS]

values for hypokalemia

< 3.5 mEq/L

causes for hypokalemia

vomit, diarhea, GI suction, draining fistulae, burns, parenteral nutrition, alkalosis, prolonged laxative use, corticosteroid use, increased aldosterone levels, - Mg levels

signs of hypokalemia

quad weakness, paresthesia, anorexia, nausea, - GI motility, rhadomylosis, myoglobinuria, dysrhytmias

hyperkalemia value

> 5.0 mEq/L

hyperkalemia causes

excessive intake, impaired renal excretions, renal disease, adrenal insufficency

hyperkalemia signs

early tachycardia that develops into bradycardia, paresthesia of face, tongue, hands, feet, GI hypersensitivity, abdominal cramps

hypochloremia values

< 96 mEq/L

signs of hypochloremia

tremors, twitchy, slow and shallow breathing, - BP

value of hyperchloremia

> 106 mEq/L

signs of hyperchloremia

weakness, lethargy, deep/rapid RR, fainting

hypercalcemia values

> 10.2 mg/dL

causes of hypercalcemia

hyperparathyroidism, malignany, multiple fractures, prologed immobilization, thiazise diuretics, steroids

signs of hypercalcemia

fatigue, muscle weakness, depressed deep tendon reflexes, impaired memory, kidney stones of calcium composition, - HR, dysrhythmias

value of hypocalcemia

< 8.6 mg/DL

causes of hypocalcemia

hyperphosphatemia, acute prancreatitis, widespread bany metases, alcoholism, hypoparathyroidism, loop diuretic use, - Vitamin D

signs of hypocalcemia

anxiety, irritability, tetenay, tingling in hands, feet, spasms, laryngeal spasm, seizures, decreased cardiac output, dysrhytmias