Studied by 2 people
Interchangeable Parts
Identical parts that can replace each other
Indulgences
Pardons issued by the Pope that could reduce a soul's time in purgatory
Humanism
An intellectual movement that focused on the study of worldly subjects such as poetry and philosophy, and on human potential and achievement
Guillotine
A device used during the French Revolution for beheading people
Feudalism
A political and social system based on the granting of land in exchange for loyalty, military assistance, and other services
Excommunication
Exclusive from the Roman Catholic Church as a penalty for refusing to obey a Church law
Vernacular
Everyday language of the people
Theocracy
A government ruled by religious leaders who claim God's authority
Sultan
A Muslim ruler
Socialism
A political and economic system in which society, usually in the form of government, owns the means of production.
Social Contract
An agreement between a people and their government, stating that people would give up some of their freedom and in return, their government would provide them with peace, security, and order.
Serfs
Agricultural workers who were bound to the land on which they worked.
Secular
Having to do with worldly, rather than religious, matters.
San Culottes
A radical group of artisans and workers during the French Revolution who wore long pants in contrast to the knee breeches of the nobility.
Salons
Gatherings in which intellectual and political ideas were exchanged during the Enlightenment.
Realpolitik
The belief in practical goals of theory in Political Philosophy
Radical
A person with extreme views
Plebiscite
The procedure used to submit the constitution of a new government to the people for a yes-or-no vote
Philosophes
French thinkers who desired reform in society during the Enlightenment
Perspectives
Allowed artists to represent three-dimensional objects on flat surfaces
Patrons
Buyers of art
Nationalism
Sense of pride and devotion to one's nation
Napoleonic Code
Body of French civil laws introduced in 1804 that served as a model for many nations' civil codes
Merchantilism
Policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silver
Medieval
Referring to the period of history in Europe between ancient and modern times
Magna Carta
A charter that granted nobles certain rights and restricted the king's power
Laissez-faire
A business system where companies are allowed to conduct business without interference by the government
Labor Union
An organization representing workers' interests
Kulturkampf
Bismark's struggle to limit the influence of the Catholic Church in Germany
Kaiser
Title given to the ruler of Germany
Abdicate
Give up or step down from power
Absolute Monarchy
A government in which the king/queen has unlimited power and authority over his or her people
Annex
Adding territory to an existing state or country
Anti-Semitism
Hostility or prejudice towards Jews
Assembly Line
A process in which a product is moved forward through many work stations, where workers perform specific tasks.
Autocrat
Ruler who has complete authority
Black Death
A terrible outbreak of bubonic plague that swept through Europe
Bourgeoisie
The urban middle class which included merchants, professionals, and manufacturers
Bushido
Code of conduct for Samurai during the feudal period in Japan
Capital
Money or wealth used to invest in business or enterprise
Capitalism
Economic system in which most businesses are privately owned
Chivalry
Code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages
Circumnavigate
To proceed completely around
Communism
Economic and political system in which government owns the means of production and controls economic planning, and social classes cease to exist
Conquistador
A Spanish soldier and explorer who led military expeditions in the Americas
Continental System
A blockade preventing French or French-allied ships from trading with Great Britain
Coup D'etat
The sudden overthrow of a government by force
Diet
An assembly or legislature
Entrepreneur
A risk taker who starts a new business within the economic system of capitalism
Estates
Social Classes
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Flashcard (152)