CHM 256 exam 1

benzene

toluene

phenol

aniline

benzoic acid

anisole

bromobenzene

what do you all benzene if it’s a substituent

phenyl

IUPAC names for di-substituted benzene derivatives

ortho, meta, para

IUPAC name for a di-substituted benezene with two methyls

xylene

when do you not use ortho, meta, para

in poly-substituted derivatives

mass of hydrogen

1

mass of carbon

12

mass of oxygen

16

mass of nitrogen

14

mass of sulfur

32

mass of chlorine

35

mass of bromine

79

true or false: a methyl cation is probable

false

mass of CH3

15

mass of OH

17

mass of H2O

18

mass of C2H4 and CO

28

mass of C2H5 and CHO

29

alkane stretch frequency

3000-2850

alkane bend frequency (CH3)

1450-1375

alkane bend frequency (CH2)

1465

alkene stretch frequency

3100-3000

aromatic stretch frequency

3150-3050

alkyne stretch

3300

alkene frequency

1680-1600

aromatic frequency

1600-1475

alkyne frequency

2250-2100

aldehyde frequency (C=O)

1740-1720

ketone frequency (C=O)

1725-1705

carboxylic acid frequency (C=O)

1725-1700

ester frequency (C=O)

1750-1730

amide frequency (C=O)

1670-1640

anhydride frequency (C=O)

1810 and 1760

acid chloride frequency (C=O)

1800

C-O frequency

1300-1000

alcohol frequency (O-H)

3500-3200

carboxylic acid frequency (O-H)

3400-2400

primary/secondary amine and amide stretch frequency (N-H)

3500-3100

imines and oximes frequency (C=N)

1690-1640

nitrile frequency

2260-2240

fluoride frequency (C-X)

1400-1000

chloride frequency (C-X)

800-600

bromide and iodide frequency (C-X)

<667

chemical shift of H3

0.8-1

chemical shift of H2

1.2-1.4

chemical shift of H

1.4-1.7

chemical shift of sp2

1.6-2.6

chemical shift of sp

2.0-3.0

chemical shift of ring + CH3

2.2-2.5

chemical shift of ring + CH2R

2.3-2.8

chemical shift of ROH

0.5-0.6

chemical shift of CH2OH

3.4-4

chemical shift of CH2OR

3.3-4

chemical shift of NH

0.5-5

chemical shift of O=CCH3

2.1-2.3

chemical shift of O=CCH2

2.2-2.6

chemical shift of O=COCH3

3.7-3.9

number of unsaturations in a ring

4

number of unsaturations in a double bond

1

number of unsat