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Bureaucracy

An administrative group of nonelected officials charged with carrying out functions connected to a series of policies and programs.

Civil servants

The individuals who fill nonelected positions in government and make up the bureaucracy; also known as bureaucrats.

Government corporation

A corporation that fulfills an important public interest and is overseen by government authorities to a much larger degree than private businesses.

Merit system

A system of filling civil service positions by using competitive examinations to value experience and competence over political loyalties.

Negotiated rulemaking

A rulemaking process where neutral advisors convene a committee of those with vested interests in proposed rules to reach a consensus.

Patronage

The use of government positions to reward individuals for their political support.

Pay schedule

A chart showing salary ranges for different levels of positions vertically and for different ranks of seniority horizontally.

Privatization

Measures that incorporate the market forces of the private sector into the function of government to varying degrees.

Public administration

The implementation of public policy and the academic study that prepares civil servants to work in government.

Red tape

The mechanisms, procedures, and rules that must be followed to get something done.

Spoils system

A system that rewards political loyalties or party support during elections with bureaucratic appointments after victory.

Whistleblower

A person who publicizes misdeeds committed within a bureaucracy or other organization.

beauracrats

the civil servants or political appointees who fill nonelected positions in government and make up the bureaucracy