________: used to assess how well the different items measure the same characteristic by separating the items within a group and comparing the data with the idea that both scores will be the same.
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Reliability
________: how consistently or dependently does a measurement scale measure what it is supposed to be measuring.
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key concepts
In the study of personality, or more broadly, individual differences, two ________ within this area of psychometrics are reliability and validity.
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Validity
________: whether or not it is reliably measuring what you want it to measure.
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Concurrent validity
________: assesses the extent to which a measurement scale under development correlates with the "gold standard "by testing the developing scale with one that is either currently used or already created.
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Convergent Validity
________: assesses the sensitivity of the scale, testing the hypothesis of how the scale will correlate to the measure.
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Divergent Validity
________: assesses the specificity of the scale, testing the variance in results the scale gives in terms of the measure tested.
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Note 1
The main purpose of this reading is to learn key concepts in psychometrics (i.e., metrics, or measurement, of psychological constructs)
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Note 2
The authors describe a type of validity called discriminant validity
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Reliability
how consistently or dependently does a measurement scale measure what it is supposed to be measuring
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Test-retest reliability
a commonly used indicator of the reliability of a measurement scale where the measurement scale under development is administered on two different occasions to the same sample and the scores are compared
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Internal consistency
used to assess how well the different items measure the same characteristic by separating the items within a group and comparing the data with the idea that both scores will be the same
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Validity
whether or not it is reliably measuring what you want it to measure
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Face validity
assessment of whether a measurement scale looks reasonable, are the items included in the scale relevant, questioned by experts/researchers
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Content validity
measures whether a scale has included all the relevant and excluded irrelevant issues in terms of its content, assessed by an expert panel/compared literature/both
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Concurrent validity
assesses the extent to which a measurement scale under development correlates with the "gold standard" by testing the developing scale with one that is either currently used or already created
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Predictive validity
correlates the results of one scale with the results of a second scale that is administered later to measure how well the item or scale predicts expected future observations
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Construct validity
when there is not a gold standard/current measure, testing to what extent the measurement scale under development correlates with the construct under investigation by defining the topic and stating/disproving a hypothesis
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Convergent Validity
assesses the sensitivity of the scale, testing the hypothesis of how the scale will correlate to the measure
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Divergent Validity
assesses the specificity of the scale, testing the variance in results the scale gives in terms of the measure tested
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If a personality measure is reliable, does that mean it is valid too?
Yes, because if it is a reliable measure, the result will be consistent and therefore a valid measure of the result
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What about if a measure is valid, does that mean it must be reliable?
No, because a measure could be valid for a certain circumstance but not applicable in other situations and therefore not a reliable measure for a specific result.
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