World History Final Exam Study Guide

1. Divine Right of Kings / monarchy

A political doctrine that asserts a monarch’s legitimacy and absolute authority is derived directly from God.

2. Plato / The Republic-society should be governed by?

Philosophers

3. Roman influence on democracy?

Contributed to political ideas, such as the written legal code, individuality, and the idea of a republic.

4. Hebrew code of justice- What did it focus on?

Morality and ethics

5. England’s Bill of Rights- significance

Limited the monarchy’s power and protected free speech in Parliament

6. Magna Carta- influence on English government

Influenced the individual rights and liberties that limited the power of the English monarch over his subjects.

7. John Locke / natural rights

An Enlightenment thinker who said that all humans, by nature, have the right to life, liberty, and property.

8. Declaration of Independence / Enlightenment ideas

Declared King George III of England and to the world the reason why the U.S should be free of British rule. Locke’s ideas, influenced the writers of the Declaration.

9. Montesquieu- influence on Constitution

French philosopher, concluded liberty can be safeguarded by separation of powers; dividing government into three separate branches. The U.S. used the idea of separation of powers through their constitution by creating a representative government, having citizens elect people to make laws and policies for them.

10. Napoleon Bonaparte

French dictator.

11. Congress of Vienna

A series of meetings in Vienna on the topic of setting up policies to achieve security and stability for the entire continent after the defeat of Napoleon.

12. Industrialization - effect on industry

Affected living conditions, cities, social classes, and working conditions by creating new occupations, housing, and suburbs grew, and better working conditions.

13. Labor unions

Goals? Were they legal at first?

Organizations of workers who collectively bargain for better working conditions and labor-related benefits. They were not legal at first; unions were seen as a threat to social order and stability.

14. Why did they industrialize first?

England

They had natural resources that helped them industrialize, like water power and coal to fuel the machines, iron to construct machines, tools, and buildings, rivers for inland transportation, and harbors from which merchant ships set sail.

15. Factors of Production- Land, Labor, and Capital

Resources needed to produce goods and services that the Industrial Revolution required.

16. Laissez-Faire

Economic policy of allowing owners of industry and business set working conditions interference.

17. Socialism / Communism

The factor of production are owned by the public and operates for the welfare of all. Whilst, it is a form of complete socialism in which production would be owned by the people.

18. Romanticism

An art style emphasizing emotion, individualism, and imagination over the Enlightenment era reason and order.

19. Jewel in the Crown / India as a colony

India being the most valuable country of all British colonies.

20. Imperialism

One country extending its authority by conquering other countries, establishing economic and political dominance.

21. Causes (motives) / Effects of Imperialism

Economic, exploratory, political, ideological, religious motives. Effects: reduced local warfare and humanitarian efforts, Africa lost control of land and culture was broken down.

22. Militarism

glorifying military power and keeping army prepared for war

23. WWI

Causes

Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, assassination

24. Who was assassinated in Sarajevo to star WWI?

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

25. Trench warfare

soldiers battling each other in trenches on the Western Front

26. Propaganda

biased / incomplete information to influence a person’s beliefs or actions

27. Unrestricted submarine warfare

submarines sinking without warning any ship in the waters around Britain.

28. Treaty of Versailles / how it affected Germany

Treaty between Germany and the Allied powers, signed June 28, 1919. Germany lost territory, made Germany solely responsible for the war, had restrictions on its military, and reparation toward the Allies.

29. League of Nations and its purpose

International association with a goal to keep peace among nations.

30. Wilson’s Fourteen Points

A plan for achieving a just and lasting peace

31. The Ottoman Empire fell and created which country?

Turkey

32. WWI effect on literature? (disillusionment)

It left insecurity and despair onto many people that reflected onto literature and art.

33. Russia and WWI

Its country was yet to be industrialized, resulting in their army having shortages on food and supplies. In November 1917, this country withdrew from the war, signing the Treat of Brest-Litovsk, ending the war between Germany and the other country.

34. Did the Czars grant reform or keep absolute power?

Kept absolute power.

35. Stalin’s Five Year Plan

development of the economy, set high quotas, increase output of steel, coal, oil, and electricity by limiting consumer goods.

36. Stalin’s Great Purge

A campaign of terror directed at eliminating anyone who threatened his power.

37. Fascism (components of)

Militaristic, nationalism, authoritarian / dictator

38. Nonaggression pact between Germany (Nzs) and Soviets (USSR)

Ten-year agreement between Stalin and Hitler to not attack one another and split Poland.

39. Hitler’s Final Solution

(Exterminate Jews) Program of genocide. He believed that to protect ‘racial purity’, he had to eliminate ‘subhumans’. Tactics he used are ghettos, mass killings, deporting subhumans to camps, and systematic killing chambers.

40. Kristallnacht

An antisemitic riot against Jews by a mob of Nazis.

41. Pearl Harbor

A surprise attack from Japan whilst the U.S. was in their fleet.

42. Appeasement - What was it? Success or failure?

Giving into an aggressor to keep peace. 👎

43. Battle of Stalingrad - significance

Hitler was stopped by Stalingrad and retreated.

44. Japanese building a Pacific empire

They launched bombing raids of Hong Kong, Guam, and Wake Island. Later, landing an invasion force in Thailand. After conquering, they went after the Philippines, Malaya, Indonesia, Burma, and various islands.

45. Winston Churchill

The British prime minister who got through Britain from “The Blitz”.

46. Truman Doctrine / containment

What were those two policies supposed to accomplish?

Containing communism within its existing border to prevent the spread of communistic ideals.

47. Mao Zedong / People’s Republic of China

Northern China Communist leader. After Northern China winning the civil war between the Southern, the country was proclaimed the People’s Republic of China.

48. Totalitarianism

BIG 5

Fear & Terror, Propaganda, Censorship, Indoctrination, Persecution

49. Totalitarianism

BIG 5 (pt. 2)

How did Stalin build a Totalitarian State?

Built police to maintain his power, controlling all media and sources of information, interfering with education by stressing his ideas, replacing religious teachings with the ideals of communism, and spreading false information.

50. Nzism

What was it?

A Fascist movement that formed the German brand of fascism.

51. WWII Aggressive Nations

Who were they?

Japan, Italy, Germany

52. WWII Aggressive Nations

What land(s) did they take?

Took most of Europe, created an empire, and took Ethiopia.

53. WWII Countries on the two sides (Alliances)

Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) & Allies (Great Britain, U.S., Soviet Union, China)

54. Third Reich

German Empire

55. Cold War

Where did the U.S. fight wars?

Korea and Vietnam

56. Cold War

What country almost brought us to nuclear war?

Cuba

57. Cold War

Who was the Cold War between?

United States and the Soviet Union

58. Domino Theory

The fall of one to communism would lead to the fall of its neighbors.

59. Truman Doctrine

United States providing money to countries threatened by communists countries.

60. NATO / Warsaw Pact

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 10 western European nations joined with the US and Canada, forming a defensive military alliance. A pact between Soviet Union, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania.