Topic 1 in SIKOPIL REVIEWER

Indigenous Psychology

The scientific study of the ethnicity, society and culture of a people and the application to psychological practice of indigenous knowledge rooted in the people’s ethnic heritage and consciousness

Sikolohiyang Filipino

is anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood from a Filipino perspective (Enriquez, 1975).

Filipino psychology

is the scientific study of psychology derived from the experience, ideas, and cultural orientation of the Filipinos.

PSYCHOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

t refers to a series of events related to the field of psychology in the Philippines (e.g. number of degree programs and journals, the amount of research conducted) ang pinakamalaki o kabuuang anyo ng sikolohiya sa kontekstong Pilipino.

Kapwa has two categories

Ibang Tao and Hindi Ibang Tao.

Ibang Tao (outsider)

Pakikitungo: civility

Pakikisalamuha: act of mixing

Pakikilahok: act of joining

Pakikibagay: conformity

Pakikisama

Pakikitungo

civility - right behavior meant right demeanor towards authorities (Parents, Elders, etc.)

Pakikisalamuha

: act of mixing - This is a social value that is primarily communitarian. It espouses the ability to adapt.

Pakikilahok

act of joining - This translates to participation of the entire community to help a person.

Pakikibagay

conformity - This runs into conflict with individuality which many Filipinos in fact willingly throw away in favor of conformity with demands of those who are in charge.

Pakikisama

: being united with the group

Hindi Ibang Tao (one-of-us)

Pakikipagpalagayang-loob: act of mutual trust

Pakikisangkot: act of joining others

Pakikipagkaisa: being one with others

(PIVOTAL INTERPERSONAL VALUE) Pakiramdam:

Shared inner perceptions. Filipinos use damdam, or the inner perception of others' emotions, as a basic tool to guide their dealings with other people.

LINKING SOCIO-PERSONAL VALUE (Kagandahang-Loob)

Shared humanity. This refers to being able to help other people in dire need due to a perception of being together as a part of one Filipino humanity

Accommodative surface values

Hiya

Utang na loob

Pakikisama and Pakikipagkapwa

Hiya

Loosely translated as 'shyness' by most Western psychologists, Hiya is actually 'sense of propriety'

Utang na loob

Norm of reciprocity. Filipinos are expected by their neighbors to return favors—whether these were asked for or not—when it is needed or wanted.

Pakikisama and pakikipagkapwa

Pakikisama and Pakikipagkapwa: Smooth Interpersonal Relationship, or SIR, as coined by Lynch (1961 and 1973). This attitude is primarily guided by conformity with the majority.

Confrontative surface values

Bahala_na

Lakas ng loob:

Pakikibaka

Bahala_na

translates literally as "leave it up to God (Bathala)" and it is used as an expression, almost universally, in Filipino culture. Filipinos engage in the bahala na attitude as a culture-influenced adaptive coping strategy when faced with challenging situations.

Lakas ng loob

This attitude is characterized by being courageous in the midst of problems and uncertainties.

Pakikibaka

Literally in English, it means concurrent clashes. It refers to the ability of the Filipino to undertake revolutions and uprisings against a common enemy

Societal Values

Karangalan:

Puri

Dangal

Katarungan

Kalayaan

Karangalan

Loosely translated to dignity, this actually refers to what other people see in a person and how they use that information to make a stand or judge about his/her worth

Puri

the external aspect of dignity. May refer to how other people judge a person of his/her worth. This compels a common Filipino to conform to social norms, regardless how obsolete they are

Dangal

the internal aspect of dignity. May refer to how a person judges his own worth

Katarungan

Loosely translated to justice, this actually refers to equity in giving rewards to a person

Kalayaan

Freedom and mobility. Ironically, this may clash with the less important value of pakikisama or pakikibagay (conformity).

Origin of Psychology in the Philippines

Psychology as an academic discipline in the Philippines began in the early 1900s during the U.S. colonization, largely following the Western model.

Nationalism and Turning Point

In the early 1970s, during a period marked by nationalism due to the declaration of Martial Law, there was a realization among Filipino scholars about the need for a psychology that reflected the experiences and perspectives of Filipinos.

Virgilio Enriquez and Sikolohiyang Pilipino:

Virgilio Enriquez, considered the father of Philippine Psychology, was a recent Ph.D. graduate from Northwestern University in the U.S. His Western education made him recognize the necessity of developing a psychology rooted in Filipino experiences. Together with colleagues Prospero Covar, Zeus Salazar, and Alfredo Lagmay, he laid the foundation for Sikolohiyang Pilipino.

Research and Establishment

Enriquez and Lagmay conducted research into the historical and cultural roots of Philippine Psychology, identifying indigenous concepts and approaches. This culminated in the first national conference on Filipino Psychology, where Sikolohiyang Pilipino's ideas and concepts were formally articulated

The academic-scientific psychology: The western (Sikolohiyang akademik-siyentopiko: kaunlaraning tradisyon)

Wilhelm Wundt, this coincides with the birth of scientific psychology the (German tradition) in 1876, and the entry of Western psychology (mainly American tradition) at the University of the Philippines (1908) and other schools

The Academic-philosophical psychology: The Western (mainly clerical) Sikolohiyang akademiko-pilosopikal

This was pursued by the University of Sto. Tomas and later other schools of higher learning, under the leadership of individual monks and preachers and Jesuits. The study of psychology as an aspect of philosophy continued in the tradition of Thomasic philosophy and psychology

Ethnic psychology:

Sikolohiyang katutubo

Indigenous psychology

kinagisnan and katutubong sikolohiya. The subconscious psychology imbedded in the native language, art, music, culture and religion (one has been born into; unaware). e.g. kaluluwa at ginhawa

Psychology of Filipinos

perceived ethnic traits, as observed by foreigners or as felt and expressed by Filipinos. Psychology worked out by Filipinos with indigenous elements as basis (innate to the Filipino)

The practice of psychology by Filipinos

techniques of enculturation, socialization. - based on mainly Western system of thought

The practice of psychology by Filipinos

Techniques of enculturation/socialization

Proto-clinical practice

(1 5 6 5 )

Babaylan or catalonan techniques of healing: disease theory, causation, therapy

1650

Messianic movements

1730

helbolaryo

1900

esperitista

What is Philippine Social Science?

is a Member Organization of ISC. The Philippine Social Science Council is a non-governmental organization which aims to support social scientists in the Philippines to increase the impact of their work and to connect with other scholars

How social science started in the Philippines?

emerged as specialized disciplines with the establishment of academic departments in the early American colonial period. ‘Patterned after American universities, the social science departments in the country were created in different years. Anthropology, Economics, Political Sciences, Psychology, Sociology

Pilipinolohiya (Filipinology)

Philippine studies refers to the study of the Philippines and the Filipino people. Belinda A. Aquino, former director of the Center for Philippines Studies at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, define Philippines Studies as “studies of Philippine culture and society, which started in the early 1900s when the Philippines became a colony of the United States

Pantayong Pananaw (The “We” Perspective)

Is defined as a method of acknowledging the history and development of the nation based on the “internal interconnectedness and linking of characteristics, values, knowledge, wisdom ,aspirations, practices, behaviors and experiences as a unified whole is a unity that is framed by and expressed in a single language; that is, within an autonomous, selfdirected discourse of progress and civilization

Agham -Tao (Anthropology)

is the scientific study of humans, human behavior and societies in the past and present. Social anthropology studies patterns of behaviour and cultural ______studies cultural meaning, including norms and values. Linguistic anthropology studies how language influences social life. Biological or physical anthropology studies the biological development of humans.