Biology Unit 4 Genetics

Study Guide

Nucleus

In humans, where does DNA replication take place?

sugar ribose and the base uracil

RNA from a bear is compared to RNA from a sunflower. Both will contain the

Molecule 3

A scientist is doing an experiment to identify different molecules. Some components of these molecules are listed in this table. Which of the four molecules is DNA, based on the table to the right?

Adenine

The diagram shown here represents a portion of a nucleic acid molecule. The part indicated by the arrow could be

Weak hydrogen bonds

Use the diagram to the right AND your knowledge of biology to answer this question. Structures 3 and 4 are held together by

Nitrogen bases

In nucleotides, the letters A, G, C, and T represent

DNA opens up and each strand is used as a template for making a new strand

The cellular process of creating two new DNA molecules from one original copy is called replication. Which statement is the best description of this process?

1

The molecule copied directly from DNA is represented by number

Polypeptide

What is an example of a molecule produced by the process shown above?

tRNA

Structure number 2 represents a

Peptide

The bond represented by number 5 is a ______ bond

U-U-A

If a portion of a messenger RNA molecule contains the base sequence A-A-U, then the corresponding anti-codon on the tRNA base sequence is

deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group

A DNA nucleotide could contain the following molecules:

nucleotides

The sequence of ________ in a DNA molecule determines the protein that will be produced.

translation

During _________, the cell uses information from messenger RNA to make polypeptides.

2

How many amino acids are coded for by the strand of mRNA shown here? Assume the reading frame begins with the first nucleotide.
A U G U A C

It delivers DNA's instructions for making proteins to the ribosomes

During protein synthesis, what does mRNA do?

28

Sperm cell of an octopus has 14 chromosomes. What is the total number of chromosomes that should be present in a stomach cell of the same octopus?

Meiosis

The distribution of chromosomes in one type of cell division is shown in the diagram to the right. Which process is being represented in the diagram?

B and C

Which letter(s) in the diagram pictured to the right correspond to cells that are haploid?

Half as many

Compared to the number of chromosomes contained in a body cell, how many chromosomes would normally be contained in a gamete?

Prophase 1

In which phase of meiosis would certain gene segments of the homologous pairs of chromosomes "crossover" and exchange genetic information?

Somatic cells

Which cells are NOT formed during meiosis?

Homologous chromosomes

Two similar chromosomes that you inherit from your parents (one from your mother and one from your father) are called

Sister chromatids separate

Which event takes places during anaphase 2 of meiosis

46; liver cells

Somatic cells in humans contain ______ chromosomes and an example is ______

Metaphase 2

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell single file during which phase?