Criminalistics II Chapter 17

Possession of a tool that is consistent with the one used to commit a crime is considered _____.

circumstantial class evidence

Today, modern tool mark examiners use _____.

photomicrography

Manufactured tools, and the subsequent wear from their use, _____.

have irregularities that help distinguish one tool from another

_____ are impressions made by a tool when it is pressed against a softer surface.

Indentation marks

_____ lighting is preferred for photographing tool evidence.

Oblique

The goal of laboratory tool mark analysis is to _____.

Identify major unique characteristics

Researchers have developed _____ to statistically analyze tool images and the crime-scene tool mark evidence.

An algorithm that uses artifital intelligence

A _____ magnifies, scans, and measures the surface contours (irregularities) of a sample in either
two or three dimensions.

profilometer

Tools found in a suspect's possession _____.

may be used to create a new set of tool marks for comparison

Mikrosil casting material is _____.

putty that requires a separate catalyst to harden

_____ is used to cast impressions left in snow.

Powdered Sulfer

When photographing a tool as evidence, _____.

oblique lighting allows experts to see details

The saw marks on bones created by a Stryker saw are _____.

circular areas of short radii

The cut characteristics of a hand saw are _____.

rough cut with overlapping marks

In _____ a reference collection of saw marks on bones was established at the University of Florida.

1970

In 2019, OSAC recommended that for expert witness testimony, _____.

examiners cannot claim a zero-error rate on tool mark comparisons

Photomicrography generates _____.

three-dimensional images

When collecting tool mark evidence, _____.

the section of an object containing the impression evidence can be cut and removed

Police find a dismembered body in a freezer in the garage of a suburban housing addition. Tool mark analysis of the saw marks on the bones of the body indicate that the saw created overlapping marks with few teeth marks. Based
on the saw marks on the bone, _____.
band saws and Stryker saws cannot yet be excluded

silicone for the door and jamb and powdered sulfur outside

CSIs collect tool mark evidence at a T-shirt printing business. The business needs the door and jamb to protect their merchandise, so the CSIs take photos before casting the tool marks. Outside the building, CSIs make casts of several impressions in the snow. CSIs can use _____.

silicone for the door and jamb and powdered sulfur outside