history P3 dp2 term 1 - malayan emergency and vietnam

malayan emergency years

1948-1960

french-indochina war years

1946-1954

vietnam war years

1956-1975

british malaya

• founded 1824

• malays, chinese, indians

• replaced with federation of malaya in 1947

malayan communist party (MCP)

• against british forces

• its army: MLNA

• communist

malayan national liberation army (MLNA)

• armed forces of the MCP

• attacked rubber plantations, mines, police stations; all symbols of british power

why emergency and not war?

british plantation owners would not be compensated for their losses if it was called a war

squatters

• (mostly chinese) impoverished supporters of the MNLA

• lived on the edges of forests

• aided guerilla fighters

initial british reaction to emergency?

introduction of emergency legislation, restricted movement and curfews

“hearts and minds”

• tactic coined by the british as a way to gain trust in the “hearts and minds” of malays to lower support for the MLNA

new villages

• chinese squatters resettled in new villages

• very strict and regulated, but good living conditions

• to lower support for guerillas

gerald templer

• took over in 1951

• high commissioner

• hearts and minds

• continued to build new villages

• promised independence, won nationalist support

jungle training

• newly arrived british battalions trained in the jungle to imitate guerilla fighting

commonwealth involvement

• from 1954

• larger army: ability to overcome guerilla fighters

federation of malaya

• granted independence in 1957

• 1948-1963

• included singapore

abdul rahman

• focused on ethnic malays

• rival of kuan yew

• british attempted to mediate; malays saw as support for singapore

federation of malaysia

• did not include singapore (after 1965)

• (1963-)

lee kuan yew

• leader of singapore

• rival of rahman

• wished to unite all non-malays to throw rahman out of power