Stoichiometry

Antoine Lavoisier

Father of the modern chemistry

A French nobleman who got guillotined in 1794, in the French Revolution.

Changed chemistry from a qualitative to a quantitative science through his work with gases

Discovered the law of conservation of matter

Discovered the role of oxygen in combustion reactions

Determined the composition of air

Explained respiration in terms of chemical reactions.

Joseph-Louis Lagrange

An Italian-French Mathematician and Astronomer who said: “It took mob only a moment to remove his head; a century will not suffice to reproduce it.”

Marie-Anne Paulze Lavoisier

Wife of the “father of the modern chemistry”

A trained artist fluent in several languages.

Worked with him in his lab, created detailed illustrations of the equipments, and translated texts from foreign scientists

d = m/V = mP/nRT = (m/n)*P/RT = ℳP/RT

Density of a gas equation

ℳ = m/n

Mathematical representation for the definition of molar mass

ℳ = mRT/PV

Formula to determine the molar mass of a gas.

Cyclopropane

C₃H₆. A gas which was once used with oxygen as a general anesthetic.

Yes, it is true

Is it true that unless they chemically react with each other, the individual gases in a mixture of gases do not affect each other’s pressure.

Partial pressure

The pressure exerted by each individual gas in a mixture.

Dalton’s law of partial pressures

The total pressure of a mixture of ideal gases is equal to the sum of partial pressures of the component gases

Mole fraction

A unit of concentration that is defined as the number of moles of a component of a solution divided by the total number of moles of all component.

Through this, the partial pressure of the gas A is related with the total pressure of the gas mixture

Xa = na/ntotal

Mathematical representation of Mole Fraction

Pa = Xa * Ptotal

Mathematical representation of “Partial pressure of gas A is related to the total pressure of the gas mixture from its mole fraction”

atmospheric pressure

When the water level is the same both inside and outside the bottle, the pressure of the gas is equal to the ____________________

Vapor pressure of water

The pressure which is exerted by water vapor in equilibrium with the liquid water in a closed container, depending on the temperature

Dry gas pressure

The pressure of the gas, without any water vapor

Dry gas pressure = Total pressure - Vapor pressure of water

Dry gas pressure formula

Chemical stoichiometry

Describes the quantitative relationships between the reactants and products in chemical reactions.

Propane

Used in gas grills to provide the heat for cooking. C₃H₈

1/3

Energy from the sun that reaches the earth, almost ___ is reflected back into the space, with the rest absorbed by the atmosphere and the surface of the earth.

Infrared radiations

Some of the energy that the earth absorbs and then reemits

A portion of which passes out of the atmosphere, in space

But most of it is absorbed by certain atmospheric gases, effectively trapping the heat within the atmosphere, causing greenhouse effects

Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone.

Name the four major greenhouse gases

Susan Solomon

Atmospheric and climate scientist who helped determine and explain the cause of the formation of the ozone hole over Antartica

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Full form of NOAA