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Motivations
Ideological - build an egalitarian system
Political - economic stability to keep power
Modernisation - revolution relied on it
Military victory - provide means to win war
Worker’s Control
1917 - Decree on Land
Decree on Workers Control
Mass support & ideological
Free for all
Naive and Idealistic
Incompatible with productivity & efficiency
Technical experts & managers removed
Threated Bolshevik income & control
State Capitalism
Vesenkha -
Supreme Council of National Economy to supervise
Larger industries nationalised
Banks nationalised to form “People’s Bank of Russia Republic”
Alienated bourgeoise & land owners
Tensions → Civil War
Grain production fell
Shortages in cities
Workers weren’t effective
Gave themselves huge pay rises
Inflation
War Communism
Forced Grain requisitioning using Cheka
Industries nationalised
Class based rationing introduced
Partial militarisation of labour (peasants forced to become soldiers or labourers)
State monopoly on goods and services
Return of managers & discipline
Fines for absenteeism & lateness
Very unpopular with masses
Tambov Rising
Krondstadt Mutiny 20,000 died “Flash Light that lit up Reality” Lenin
Grain production fell
Famine 1921 - 5 million died
NEP
Larger industries stayed nationalised
Forced to budget properly
Smaller industries returned to private ownership
Could run for profit
Agriculture
Allowed to sell for profit after quota
Tax in Kind introduced
10th Party Congress 1921 → Ban on Factions to pass the NEP despite Party resistance
NEP Consequences
Positive
Returned grain production to 1913 levels
Ended Famine
Political stability - no new uprisings
Peasantry & Traders were appeased
Negative
Not sufficient for an agricultural revolution
Divided Party - splits exploited by Stalin
Trotsky hated it → Ban on Factions
Ideological betrayal
Rise of Nepmen (new bourgeoise)
Kulaks got richer, harder to remove later
Conditions for Proletariat didn’t improve
Scissors Crisis
Cheap grain + goods shortage
Gov introduced price controls
